Approaches in psychology


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  • Created by: ABCDEFILU
  • Created on: 02-03-22 10:39
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  • Approaches in Psychology
    • Biological approach
      • evaluation
        • strength - real world applications - treating depression
        • strength - scientific studies e.g. using fMRI and EEGs
        • weakness - deterministic
      • genetics as a base for behaviour
        • like we inherit eye colour
        • twin studies: look at concordance rate
      • genotype = complete genetic makeup
      • phenotype = way the gene is expressed
        • influenced by environment
      • natural selection - behaviour that helps survival is passed down through future generations
    • Cognitive approach
      • Schemas:
        • pockets of info stored
        • stereotypes
        • mental framework + shortcut
        • ^age = more detail
      • Computer model
        • input, storage, output
      • Evaluation
        • Strength - scientific and objective
        • weakness - machine reductionism - ignores human free will and emotions
        • strength - real world application - Artificial intelligence development
    • Social learning theory approach
      • evaluation
        • Strength - provides a comprehensive explanation
        • weakness - over-reliance on lab studies
        • weakness - underestimates biological factors
      • Vicarious reinforcement
        • observes behaviour of role model + sees consequence
          • identification occurs
      • mediational processes
        • 2. retention
        • 3. motor reproduction
        • 1. attention
        • 4. motivation
    • Behavioural approach
      • Skinner - operant conditioning
        • positive reinforcement
          • rewarding behaviour
        • negative reinforcement
          • doing a behaviour to avoid something unpleasant
        • punishment
          • unpleasant consequence of behaviour
      • Pavlov - classical conditioning
        • NS associated with UCS that produces UCR
          • NS becomes conditioned + associated with CR
      • evaluation
        • strength - studies are replicable and objective
        • weakness - ignores biological factors
        • weakness - environmental determinism
    • Psychodynamic approach - Freud
      • evaluation
        • strength - uses childhood to explain behaviour
        • weakness - based on case studies e.g. little Hans
        • weakness - not falsifiable
      • personality
        • ego - reality principle
        • ID - pleasure principle
        • Superego - morality principle
      • unconscious  - repressed memories, personality big impact on behaviour
      • psychosexual stages - oral, anal, phallic, latency, genetal
    • Humanistic approach
      • evaluation
        • strength - not reductionist
        • strength - positive approach
        • weakness -limited application
      • Maslow's hierarchy of needs
        • self-actualisation
      • free will
      • concept of self congruence to ideal self
        • client centred therapy
        • UPR

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