Psychology - Approaches
- Created by: sammorton98
- Created on: 21-04-17 17:54
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- Approaches in Psychology
- Humanism
- Free Will
- Self-Actualisation
- Innate tendency to want to reach potential
- Self Worth
- Comes from congruence of self and not ideal self
- MASLOW
- Hierarchy of Needs
- Needs to be satisfied before self-actualisation can be reached.
- Hierarchy of Needs
- EVALUATION
- Holistic, Limited application, Optimistic, Lacks evidence
- Biological
- Genotype/Phenotype
- Nature/Nurture
- Genetic basis of behaviour
- Twin/Family studies
- Evolution
- Survival & Reproductive success
- Evaluation
- Scientific, Cause or Effect, Deterministic
- Genotype/Phenotype
- Psy'Dynamic
- Tip of the Iceburg
- Structure of personality - id, ego, superego
- id - unconscious, responds to instincts. Ego- decision making. Superego - values & morals
- Psychosexual Stages
- 1) Oral. 2) Anal. 3) Phallic. 4) Latency Period. 5) Genital
- Evaluation
- Lacks scientific rigour. Case studies - unique. Unfalsifiable. Untestable. Psychic determinism.
- Cognitive
- "Internal mental processes studied through inference"
- Computer models.
- Machine reductionism, ignores emotional influences
- Schemas
- Innate or learned mental short-cuts, may lead to perceptual errors
- Evalutation
- Less deterministic than others. Emergence of cognitive neuroscience - BROCA
- Social Learning
- Vicarious Reinforcement
- BOBO DOLL
- Mediational Processes
- ARRM
- Identification
- Role models
- Evaluation
- Underestimate biology - testosterone in aggression. Demand characteristics - lowers validity
- Vicarious Reinforcement
- Behaviourism
- Classical Conditioning
- Pavlov UCS ->UCR. UCS+NS ->UCR. CS -> CR
- Operant Conditioning
- Skinner. Positive and negative reinforcement, Punishment.
- Evaluation
- Real life application - treating phobias.
- Classical Conditioning
- Humanism
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