Approaches - behaviourism - Mindmap in A Level and IB Psychology

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The behaviourist approach
- Operant conditioning
  - Skinner
    - Rats in a box
  - Learning through reward
  - Reinforcement
    - Negative: rewarding through removal of negative stimuli
    - Positive: rewarding through addition of positive stimuli
    - Punishment: consequence through adding a negative stimuli/removal of positive stimuli
- Classical conditioning
  - Originally a UCS produces a UCR. When the UCS is paired with an NS, the same UCR is produced. Over time, the individual associates the NS with the UCR. It is now the CS and CR
  - Learning by association
  - Pavlov
    - Dog salivating at sound of bell
- Key assumptions
  - All behaviour is learned
  - People are born blank slates
  - Used lab experiments to prove hypotheses
Classical conditioning
- Originally a UCS produces a UCR. When the UCS is paired with an NS, the same UCR is produced. Over time, the individual associates the NS with the UCR. It is now the CS and CR
- Learning by association
- Pavlov
  - Dog salivating at sound of bell

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