Approaches
- Created by: jessicawarren
- Created on: 15-03-16 17:45
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- Approaches
- Behavioural
- Assumes all behaviour is learnt through process involving stimulus and response
- Operant conditioning: learning through rewards, punishments, P/N reinforcement e.g. Skinners box
- W: Reductionist- ignores other factors, generalised, deterministic
- S: Treatment- valid, lab experiments- objective, real life application- token economy systems
- Classical conditioning: Automatically connecting one thing with another e.g. family death/song
- SLT
- Way of explaining behaviour through direct/indirect reinforcement, combines learning theory with role of cognitive factors
- Modelling: Individuals that perform behaviour to be learned e.g. parents
- Identification: Extent to which individual relates to a model- results in imitation of behaviour e.g. people of same sex
- Imitation: Occurs when child observes a model behaving in a particular way e.g. speech
- Vicarious reinforcement: Occurs when child sees model get rewarded for displaying certain behaviour, likely to be repeated
- Mediational processes: Attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation
- Bandura's Bobo doll study
- S: Explanation for cultural differences, mediational processes, Bobo doll study increases validity
- W: Ignores biological factors, not certain of cause/effect, demand characteristics
- Cognitive
- Assumes brain is like a machine, looks at internal processes
- Mental processes: Attention, problem solving, memory, perception
- Schemas: Shortcut to help process information, fill in gaps in absence of full information, fit info into already existing schemas
- S: Many applications- increases validity, considered scientific
- W: Reductionist, use of computer models- different to human brain which can make mistakes, forget etc.
- Biological
- Assumes all behaviour is genetic
- Genes: nature/nurture debate, mono/dizygotic egg, predisposition to mental disorders
- Biochemistry: neurochemistry- chemicals in brain, neurotransmitters- serotonin (lack causes depression)/dopamine
- Biological structures: cerebrum- two hemispheres made up of frontal/parintal/occipacal/temporal lobes. Mental deterioration hard to stop e.g. Alzheimer's
- Natural selection
- S: Scientific- more valid, application, effective treatments
- W: Reductionist, uncertain of cause and effect, deterministic- we have no control over genes
- Behavioural
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