approaches
- Created by: sophiemai
- Created on: 15-04-19 13:12
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- Approaches
- origins of psychology
- wundt - introspection created the first ever lab aiming to decribe human nature 1879
- emergance of psychology as a science waton found intospection subjective so looked at the behaviourist approach - very scientifically 1913
- freud psychodynamic approach 1900
- the learning approach
- behaviourism
- looking at obeservable behaviours
- classical conditioning - pavlov found that dogs started to associate certain noises with food
- operant conditioning- skinner found rats picked up behaviours when rewarded
- eval; 1- real life application 2- scientific status 3- genrelisability 4- freewill vs determinsm
- social learning theory
- thought learning was down to observation
- bandura - observation and imitation through indirect, direct and vicarious reinforcement these meditaional process determine whether the behaviour is learnt
- attention, retention, motor reproduction, motivation
- eval; 1- supporting evidence 2- explains cultural variations 3- better than cc & oc 4- nature of the evidence
- behaviourism
- cognitive approach
- studying internal process trying to create models- have to be sudied by inference as cant actually be seen
- theorectical and computor models arre made such as the working memory model - or comparisions of the brain to a computer
- this lead to the development of cognitive neuro science which studies how brain structures influence cognitive functions - technological advances have helped
- eval; 1- real life application 2- freewill vs determininsm 3- machine reductionism 4- based mainly off artificial lab studies
- biological approach
- fousing on biological factors e.g gentics - inherited and passed on = evolution MZ twins have identical genes - twin studies
- can be effected by nature - PKU genectic disorder - if cintorlled diet phenotypes can be adapted by environment
- phenotype - characteristic determined by genes +environment e.g. blue eyes
- genotype- the particular set of genes that makes up the phenotype e.g Bb
- eval ; 1- real life application 2- freewill vs determinsim 3- scientific status 4- assumed causation
- fousing on biological factors e.g gentics - inherited and passed on = evolution MZ twins have identical genes - twin studies
- psychodynamic approach
- freuds idea that childhood impacts furture life
- triparte personality structure - ID = primitive, imediate gratification from birth EGO = mediator uses defence mechanisms from aged 2 SUPER EGO = morality principle encourages deferred gratification
- ice burg mind analolgy - most of our mind is unconscious - anything we are aware of is conscious but the biological drives, repressed memories is unconcious the preconcious is to blame for slips of the toungue & dreams
- psycho sexual stages; must have the conflict in them resolved if not it leads to a fixation
- 1- oral - mouth pleasure 0-1 f= smoking, sarcasm, biting
- 2- anal - anus pleasure 1-3 f= obessive & anally retentive
- 3- phallic- genital pleasure 3-5 f= narcissistic & reckless
- 4- latency - early conflicts repressed
- 5- genital - sexual drives & pubery f = difficulty forming hetosexual relationships
- eval; 1- supporting evidence 2- real life application 3- nature of the evidence 4- free will & determinism
- humanistic approach
- maslow
- heriarchy of needs to reaach self actualisation if there is a deficeincy in one of the previous stages cannot reach SA
- rodgers
- roles of conditions of worth
- client centered therapy aiming to provide unconditional positive regard while treating the clients like tey were experts on their problems - revoloutionising psychotherapy
- roles of conditions of worth
- eval; 1- holistic approach 2- positive approach 3- real life application 4- cultural bias
- maslow
- origins of psychology
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