Social class differences in achievement & school factors (30)

This is an essay plan for "Applying material from Item A and your own knowledge, evaluate the view that social class differences in achievement are the result of school factors" (30 marks). Please rate when you're finished, thanks :)

?
View mindmap
  • Applying material from Item A & your own knowledge, evaluate the view that social class differences in achievement are the result of school factors (30)
    • Introduction
      • What are school factors?
        • Labelling
        • Streaming
        • The self-fulfilling prophecy
        • Pupil subcultures
        • Processes that occur within the education system
    • Pupil subcultures
      • Pupils form pro- and anti-school subcultures
        • Can be based on labelling & streaming
        • May be based on pupil identity
          • Pupils who are labelled as failures / placed into lower streams may seek status in an alternative status hierarchy
            • Nike Identity
              • Forming a pupil subculture based on sports brands & identity policing
                • Pupils may feel pressure to not work hard ("losing yourself")
                  • Ev. Influence of w/c subcultural values: collectivism & fatalism (Sugarman)
              • Bad behaviour, truancy, disrespecting staff
                • Can result in failure. Link to self-fulfilling prophecy
    • Lacey: Streaming
      • This is where pupils are put into sets based on their perceived ability for all subjects
        • May be based on labelling
        • May lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy
          • The self-fulfilling prophecy
            • Leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy
            • A self-fulfilling prophecy is where a prediction comes true simply by being made
              • E.g. Rosenthal & Jacobson - IQ tests experiment
              • The teacher makes a prediction of how a student will perform.
                • May be based on labelling
                  • Introduce labelling theory
                    • Labelling is where a teacher attaches certain expectations / characteristics to a pupil
                      • W/c pupils labelled negatively. M/c pupils labelled positively
                        • Ev. These labels may be based on things caused by external factors e.g. material deprivation may mean a pupil looks scruffy / poor vocab may be the result of socialisation into the restricted language code
                        • E.g. "he is badly behaved" / "she is not academic" / "she is a bright pupil"
                        • Pupils internalise these labels and act accordingly
                          • E.g. by misbehaving & playing truant or working hard
                          • Ev. Fuller: Some pupils reject these labels (w/c black girls who were successful)
                          • Leads to a self-fulfilling prophecy
                • Pupils internalise the labels & act accoringly
                  • Pupil goes on to fulfil the prediction made by the teacher
                  • Ev. Too deterministic. Impact of parents is more important as poor but educated / supportive parents are more likely to help their child e.g. use of income
                    • Pupil goes on to fulfil the prediction made by the teacher
        • Leads to polarisation
          • This is where pupils form pro- and anti- school subcultures, depending on which stream they are in
            • Pupil subcultures
              • Pupils form pro- and anti-school subcultures
                • Can be based on labelling & streaming
                • May be based on pupil identity
                  • Pupils who are labelled as failures / placed into lower streams may seek status in an alternative status hierarchy
                    • Nike Identity
                      • Forming a pupil subculture based on sports brands & identity policing
                        • Pupils may feel pressure to not work hard ("losing yourself")
                          • Ev. Influence of w/c subcultural values: collectivism & fatalism (Sugarman)
                      • Bad behaviour, truancy, disrespecting staff
                        • Can result in failure. Link to self-fulfilling prophecy
            • Ev. W/c subcultural values of fatalism & collectivism are more important (Sugarman)
        • Ev. Not used much in schools today, yet there is still a class gap
    • Introduce labelling theory
      • Labelling is where a teacher attaches certain expectations / characteristics to a pupil
        • W/c pupils labelled negatively. M/c pupils labelled positively
          • Ev. These labels may be based on things caused by external factors e.g. material deprivation may mean a pupil looks scruffy / poor vocab may be the result of socialisation into the restricted language code
          • E.g. "he is badly behaved" / "she is not academic" / "she is a bright pupil"
          • Pupils internalise these labels and act accordingly
            • E.g. by misbehaving & playing truant or working hard
            • Ev. Fuller: Some pupils reject these labels (w/c black girls who were successful)
    • The self-fulfilling prophecy
      • A self-fulfilling prophecy is where a prediction comes true simply by being made
        • E.g. Rosenthal & Jacobson - IQ tests experiment
        • The teacher makes a prediction of how a student will perform.
          • May be based on labelling
            • Pupils internalise the labels & act accoringly
              • Ev. Too deterministic. Impact of parents is more important as poor but educated / supportive parents are more likely to help their child e.g. use of income

      Comments

      No comments have yet been made

      Similar Sociology resources:

      See all Sociology resources »See all Families and households resources »