1.1 Skeletal and Muscular systems
- Created by: bethburrows1
- Created on: 09-11-18 09:24
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- Skeletal system
- The skeletal system
- the skeleton is framework for the body which gives it protection for internal organs, is a site for blood cell production and is a mineral store.
- provides attachment for the muscular system.
- acts as lever and pivot points required to create movement.
- provides attachment for the muscular system.
- Joint Type
- A joint is an area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create human movement.
- Ligament
- A tough band of slight elastic tissure
- connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement.
- A tough band of slight elastic tissure
- Synovial fluid
- lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity
- Reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage
- lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity
- Articular cartilage
- smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones.
- Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement
- smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones.
- Joint Capsule
- A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
- Encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid
- A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane
- Bursa
- A closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
- Reduces friction between tendons and bones
- A closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones
- Ligament
- A joint is an area of the body where two or more bones articulate to create human movement.
- the skeleton is framework for the body which gives it protection for internal organs, is a site for blood cell production and is a mineral store.
- Types of Bone
- Long Bones
- Femur, radius, tibia and phalanges.
- act as levers for movement and act as sites for blood cell production
- Femur, radius, tibia and phalanges.
- Flat Bones
- Sternum, ribs, cranium and pelvis
- protect internal organs but also act as suitable sites for muscular attachment.
- Sternum, ribs, cranium and pelvis
- Long Bones
- Planes of movement
- The description of three dimensional movements at a joint
- The Sagittal plane: lies vertically. it divides the body into left and right parts from the medial to the lateral.
- The frontal plane lies vertically. it divides the body into anterior and posterior.
- The Transverse plane lies horizontally. it divides the body into superior and inferior.
- Movement patterns: a description of the actions taking place at the joint - for example, flexion and extension at the elbow joint.
- The description of three dimensional movements at a joint
- Sagittal plane
- flexion = movement which decreases the joint angle, usually to the front of the body.
- Extension = movement which increases the joint angle, usually to the back of the body.
- Dorsi-flexion = movement at the ankle joint as the toes move up.
- Plantar flexion = movement at the ankle joint as the toes move down.
- Frontal plane
- Abduction = movement of the limbs away from the midline of the body.
- Adduction = movement of the limbs towards the midline of the body.
- Transverse plane
- horizontal extension of a joint moves the articulating bone away from the midline of the body.
- Horizontal flexion of a joint moves the articulating bone closer to the midline of the body.
- Rotation = movement whereby articulating bones turn about their axis in a screwdriver action.
- The skeletal system
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