Anurans
- Created by: ValentineDevil
- Created on: 19-03-19 13:35
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- Amphibian Diversity and Biology: ANURA (Frogs and toads)
- Small sample of Anuran diversity
- Stout bodies, large protruding eyes,
- Cleft tongues
- Diagnostic features
- 9 or fewer presacral vert.
- Developing tail vert forming urostyle
- Radius and ulna fused into radioulna
- Hindlimb longer than forelimb
- Tibia and fibula fused into tibiofibula
- Long and forward-sloping ilium
- Long ankle bones
- Absence of prefrontal bone; fused frontoparietal (skull)
- Fusion of hyobranchial elements into hyoid plate
- Tongue w/out skeletal support from hyoid
- Tadpole w/ keratinous beaks and denticles
- Protractor lentis muscles attached to eye lens
- Complex Pectoral Girdle
- Endochondrally ossified part
- Seperate scapula and caracoid presumably evolved from a compact scapulocoracoid
- Transform from generalised adult temnospondyl to primitive modern anuran
- There is much movement in the leg in the socket of where femur connects to ischium
- Endochondrally ossified part
- Circulatory system
- 3 chambered heart
- 1. O2 blood and dO2 blood enter through two separate atria
- 2. Atria contract, two streams pass into common vetricle before being pumped via a spiral valve to the aorta (o2) and pulmonary arteries (dO2)
- 3. ventricle partially divided into narrow cavities, minimising mixing between two bloods
- Reproductive system
- Male
- 2 testes attached to kidneys and semen passes into kidneys through efferent ducts, then ureters (urinogenital ducts)
- no penis; sperm ejected from cloaca onto eggs as female lays em
- female
- ovaries are beside kidneys, eggs pass through oviducts then through cloaca
- Explosive breeders: season, few days
- Temp aquatic habitats, large aggregations and limited mate choice
- prolonged breeders: season, months
- Untitled
- Male
- Respiration
- Skin
- Gills
- Mouth
- Buccal Pumping
- Ventilation: moves floor of mouth in rhythmic manner 9inflates lungs)
- Two methods (defined by # of movements)
- e.g. four-stroke buccal pumping
- Small sample of Anuran diversity
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