Anorexia Nervosa
- Created by: EliseJ
- Created on: 22-02-18 11:48
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- Anorexia Nervosa
- Symptoms + Features
- Eating disorder - person obsessed with weight
- Frequently develop over years - women + men - certain genetic, emotional or life predisposition
- On average develops around 16-17
- Maintain low weight - 15% below expected - BMI bellow 17.5
- Loss of muscle strength & density + linear growth impairment
- Infertility + reduction of minerals in bones
- Purging effects = erosion of tooth enamel - painful teeth
- 10% affected eating disorder = anorexia
- 1/100 women aged 15- 30 affected by an
- 1-4.2% women affected by an
- Explanations
- Biological
- Research focus = hypothalamus
- lateral hypothalamus (LH) + ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) = weight thermostat
- LH creates hunger - VMH depresses hunger
- lateral hypothalamus (LH) + ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) = weight thermostat
- Amenorrhea = loss menstrual cycle
- Shows low endocrine levels - associated w/hypothalamus dysfunction
- Anorexia = low hormone problems
- Shows low endocrine levels - associated w/hypothalamus dysfunction
- Neurotransmitter imbalance
- Serotonin = neurotransmitter - depression + ocd
- Reduction in receptors = dysfunction serotonin system - part of neurotransmitter system of hypothalamus that controls feeding behaviour
- Serotonin = neurotransmitter - depression + ocd
- Research focus = hypothalamus
- Psychological explanations
- Family interaction
- Minuchin(1978) - anorexic lives marked by over-involved parenting - patients less independent
- Refusing to eat is a rebellion
- Minuchin = anorexia prevents conflict - adolescents way to prevent divorce
- Families with anorexics show more ignoring + walling off behaviours
- Too little love + affection
- Minuchin(1978) - anorexic lives marked by over-involved parenting - patients less independent
- Cultural factors
- Different cultures - different perceptions of beauty
- Western cultures - skinny figure - creates pressure
- Anorexia less common non- western cultures + black populatation
- peer pressure + social learning
- people internalise cultural perceptions of beauty- create tension between real self and ideal self
- Different cultures - different perceptions of beauty
- Family interaction
- Biological
- Treatments
- Cognitive Behavioural Treatment
- First in treating dietary restrictions - behavioural eating change is primary
- 1) Behavioural phase 2)Cognitive phase 3)Maintenance and relapse phase
- Drug Therapy
- SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Research studies + clinical experience = SSRI does not help low-weight patients recover
- Action of drugs mainly focused on interaction of dopamine and serotonin
- Often increase appetite + weight gain in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia
- Not useful for weight gain anorexia - reduce other symptoms
- Olanzapine lessens anxiety and obsessional thinking - increases appetite, slows metabolism
- Not useful for weight gain anorexia - reduce other symptoms
- Often increase appetite + weight gain in psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia
- SSRI = selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
- Cognitive Behavioural Treatment
- Symptoms + Features
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