Anomalous experience
- Created by: amberclarke1
- Created on: 23-03-15 19:41
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- Anomalistic
- Science/Pseudo-science
- Falsifiable-can it be proven wrong?
- Control- is the hypotheses able to be tested?
- Replication
- Peer Review- skip the review and publish work in non-scientific sources
- Progression of knowledge- Ignores contradictory evidence=no growth in knowledge
- Burden of proof
- Ganzfeld study (ESP)
- ESP-the perception of objects/events without any of the senses being involved.
- Sender and receive in soundproof rooms.
- Ping-Pong balls. Red light. Headphones.
- Choose one image and transmits.
- Receiver is presented with four images. 25% of chance.
- Researcher Bias (Woolfitt)- sceptical researchers were less encouraging when asking receivers to elaborate.
- Biased analysis (Hyman)- meta-analysis & found success rate of 31%. however is due to methodological issues.
- Meta-analysis
- Honorton- 28 Ganzfeld found 43% success rate.
- Rosenthal- conclusions agreed.
- Honorton & Hyman- agreed a set of guidelines.
- Strict security precautions against sensory leakage.
- Testing and documenting randomisation methods for selecting targets
- Full documentation in the published report
- Details of statistical tests used
- File-drawer effect- decide what studies to include and remove.
- Lack of control- e.g sensory leakage, presentation of target selection
- Honorton- 28 Ganzfeld found 43% success rate.
- Psychokinesis
- Micro- influencing the output of probabilistic systems
- Levy- rats influencing electrodes for pleasure. Influenced so pleasure 54%.
- Been unplugging generator = Fraud
- Difficult to generalise to animals
- Ethical issues
- Schmidt's electronic coin flipper- A random event generator. they had to try and influence the way it lands & discovered a result above chance.
- good attempt to reduce methological bias in PK
- Not all Ps flipped coin = not fool proof.
- PK effects that are slight in individuals are amplified in groups.
- Levy- rats influencing electrodes for pleasure. Influenced so pleasure 54%.
- Macro- distorting an object
- Targ & Puthoff studied Geller (spoon bender) in a lab. Only able to do so when touching the spoon.
- Wiseman & Greening- effects of expectations. If told the spoon continues to bend they are more likely to say it will.
- Randi- one million prize for paranormal ability. No-one claimed.
- Methodological issues
- bias/sleight of hand in dice rolling
- Experimenter bias in recording
- Lack of validity
- Difficulties in replication
- Micro- influencing the output of probabilistic systems
- Science/Pseudo-science
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