Analogue!
a mind map of everything i've learnt about analogue recording :)
- Created by: Holly Daykin
- Created on: 29-05-13 14:26
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- Analogue!
- Recording mediums
- Magnetic tape - analogue
- Vinyl - analogue
- Hard disc/CD - digital
- DAT - digital
- Mini Disk - digital
- Disadvantages of analogue
- Unreliable - inconsistency
- Hi-Fidelity - quality deteriorates over time
- ANALOGUE DEFINITION: a recording in which a property of a physical recording medium is made to vary in a manner analogous to the variations in air pressure of the original sound
- The magnetisation of magnetic tape
- The shape of the groove of a gramophone disk
- Early records
- Made from a shellac compound
- Brittle
- Noisy
- Used a much larger groove
- Played at 78rpm
- Limit of 5 mins per side on a 12 inch record
- Mono sound
- Poor frequency response
- 168-2000Hz
- Poor dynamic range
- Made from a shellac compound
- The 'LP'
- Introduced by Columbia Records in 1948
- Made from vinyl
- 10 or 12 inch
- Finer grooves
- 'Microgroove' stylus
- Played back at 33 1/3 rpm
- Each side played for more than 20 mins (12 inch)
- 45rpm format focused on singles
- Hi-Fidelity Sound
- Frequency Range - steadily increased to 30-30,000Hz
- Dynamic Range - 65db compared to a CD of 90db
- Improved signal-to-noise ratio
- Stereophonic sound (stereo)
- Tape
- Three main layers
- Top coating
- Magnetic Oxide
- Attached with a binder to a long thin plastic *****
- Polyester Base (PVC)
- Wound onto a spool reel
- How it works
- A record head charges the fine metal particles on the tape
- The strength of magnetisation correlates directly to the electrical signal
- A record head charges the fine metal particles on the tape
- Parts of an analogue tape recorder
- Tension arm
- Guide
- Erase head
- Tape lifters
- Record head
- Play head
- Capstan
- Pinch roller
- The faster the tape speed, the higher the quality
- More high frequencies
- Track count
- Number of tracks depends on width of tape
- 2 inch tape - 16-24 tracks
- 1 inch tape - 8-16 tracks
- 1/2 inch tape - 2-16 tracks
- 1/4 inch tape - 1-8 tracks
- 1/8 inch tape - 2-8 tracks
- Each track needs a separate recording head
- Tape speed
- Controlled by capstan
- Measured in IPS (inches per second)
- Typical speeds are 30, 15 and 7 1/2 IPS
- A typical compact cassette runs at a slow 1 7/8 IPS
- The faster the tape speed, the higher the quality and the lower the background noise or hiss
- Other factors that affect the quality:
- Tape width
- Chemical properties
- Thickness
- Other factors that affect the quality:
- Wow and Flutter
- Changes in pitch caused by small speed changes of mechanical parts
- Can be introduced during recording or playback phase
- Tape Saturuation
- Overload of a magnetic tape
- Input signal too high when passing from the record head to the tape
- Warm, rich sound
- Harmonic distortion
- Said to be one of the best qualities of analogue tape
- Overload of a magnetic tape
- Frequency response
- Non-linear
- Have to physically move through the tape to 'punch in' on a section
- Editing is possible by physically cutting and splicing
- Have to physically move through the tape to 'punch in' on a section
- May vary according to:
- Input signal strength
- Tape/machine used
- Can be corrected by:
- Using an AC bias
- Using a pre-emphasis EQ
- Non-linear
- Tape degradation
- Need to be kept in optimal environment
- Tape heads need cleaning
- Removes oxide build up
- Binder (glue) deteriorates
- Avoid magnetic sources
- Three main layers
- Recording mediums
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