Altruism 2
- Created by: Chloe
- Created on: 08-05-15 21:56
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- Altruism 2
- Seeking help
- Broll et al (1974): more negative evaluation of helper if you had to ask for help rather than it being offered
- Help-seeking low if: issue central to self & helper similar to self
- Computer malfunctions: wait longer before asking for help if 3 potential helpers > 1, is more embarrassing & self threatening - Williams & Williams (1983): low status others asked sooner than high
- Reasons for not seeking help - Amato & Bradshaw (1985): could solve problem by self, dislike burdening others, hopes problem would correct itself, didn't feel ready to ask
- High self esteem: respond negatively to receiving help, receive help only when they can repay
- Low self esteem: don't discriminate between similar/diff helpers
- Responses to recieving help:
- When help is interpreted as affection & reciprocity is has a positive response
- Motivations: low resources inhibit generosity (altruism)
- Threat X Control model: threat to self esteem likely when help recipient has high self esteem & area connected to self schema
- Implications of helping
- Creating positive helping situation = positive evaluation of helper, willingness to seek help, gratitude, decrease self help
- Negative helping situations = negative evaluation of helper, less help seeking, increase self help
- Volunteering
- Over-justification effect: undermines interest, come to view behavior as caused externally, underestimate role of own beliefs
- Individual determinants: unemployed decrease 50-80%, women 42%, men 38%, environment most influential
- Who is volunteering? (UK): 42% white adults, 34% minority ethnic group, full time students 47%, long term unemployment 30%
- Age: 35 -sport, 35-44 education, 45-54 religion & social welfare, 55+ hobbies, religion & arts
- Why volunteer? older people emphasis on free time, young - 10% community need, 28% learn new skills
- Key benefits: enjoyment of activity, satisfaction seeing results, meeting people, sense of personal achievment
- Exposure to pro social behavior = increased accessibility of pro social cognitions
- Seeking help
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