Tsar Alexander II's Reforms
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- Created on: 24-03-15 18:07
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- Alexander II's Reforms
- Emancipation Ukase (1861)
- Abolished Serfdom
- Serfs released from their ties to the landowners and became free men.
- Peasents were required to pay 'redemption payments'
- These payments came in the form of 49 annual payments.
- Serfs allowed to keep their land.
- Each serf family (excluding domestic serfs) were entitled to keep its cottage and allotment.
- Abolished Serfdom
- Judicial Reforms
- Judges were given better training and pay.
- They were therefore less open to bribery.
- Freedom of Press was extended to legal reporting.
- The senate heard appeals and was the court of first instance for the most dangerous crimes.
- Judges were given better training and pay.
- Church Reforms
- Relaxation of restrictions in Poland.
- Young, talented charasmatic
- Local Government Reforms
- District councils (Uezd) and provincial councils (Zemstva) were set up.
- Zemstva were to give 'poor relief' in times of hardship.
- Zemstva were to have a range of powers to improve public services as well as develop industrial projects.
- Military Reforms
- Service in the army could no longer be given as a punishment in courts.
- Length of service was reduced from 25 years to 15 years
- 6 years were spent in the actual army and 9 years were spent in the reserves.
- Corporal punishments were abolished and military punishments were made less severe.
- Educational Reforms
- Schools were now open to all, regardless of class or sex.
- Responsibility for schooling transferred from the Church to the Zemstva
- Universities given the right to govern themselves and appoint their own staff, subject to the approval of the Ministry of Education.
- Censorship Reforms
- Foreign publications could be sold in Russia, with government approval.
- Press were allowed to comment on government policy for the first time in 1865.
- Censorship was placed under the control of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.
- Economic Reforms
- Liberal trade policies and lower tariffs were introduced.
- Foreign investment in Russia was encouraged.
- The government guaranteed annual dividends to all investors.
- Tax-farming was abolished.
- Emancipation Ukase (1861)
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