Alexander III as Tsar
- Created by: 14randalloli
- Created on: 17-04-20 12:10
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- Alexander III as Tsar
- Tutored by Pobedonostev
- Strong autocratic and patriotic views
- Appointed Conservative ministers
- Pob. wrote Manifesto of Unshakeable Autocracy, released by Alex III
- Denounced his father's quasi-liberal reforms
- Loris-Melikov plan abandoned, reforming ministers resigned
- Strong autocratic and patriotic views
- Changes
- Education
- 1884- Teachers, professors etc had to be approved based on 'religious, moral and patriotic orientation'
- Children from lowest classes restricted to primary education
- 21% of population literate by 1897
- Overall number of schools and those in education had increased
- Judicial System
- Defendants still had no right to legal representation
- 1885- Minister of Justice given extra powers
- 1887- Secret courts allowed
- 1887- Property and educational standards of jurors raised
- 1889- Ministry appointed town judges
- 1889- Volost courts put under direct jurisdiction of Land Captains
- Censorship
- 1882- So-called 'temporary regulations' allowed newspapers to be closed down with a life ban on editors and publishers
- Censorship extended to the theatre, arts and culture; Russification enforced
- Police
- Okhrana recruited more spies, counter-spies and agent provocateurs
- 1882 Statute on Police Surveillance gave them massive powers
- Could search, arrest, detain, question, imprison or exile anyone who they even thought had committed a crime
- Positives?
- 1881- Cancelled ex-serfs arrears in 37 main provinces
- 1883- Peasant Land Bank
- 1885- Inheritance tax and poll tax shifted fiscal burden from lower classes
- Some reform in factory legislation
- Local Govt.
- 'Land Captain' created July 1989
- Overturned zemstva decisions, responsible for countryside government and could ignore normal judicial process
- Right to appeal to Crown Courts after being tried by Land Captain
- Overturned zemstva decisions, responsible for countryside government and could ignore normal judicial process
- Act in 1990 reduced peasants' vote in zemstva
- June 1892- Electorate reduced to the owners of property above a certain value
- 'Land Captain' created July 1989
- Education
- Tutored by Pobedonostev
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