Alex II, reaction and emergence of opposition (5)
- Created by: MonsurAli
- Created on: 01-06-17 16:12
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- Alex II, reaction and emergence of opposition
- Reforms helped stimulate opposition
- Relaxed censorship meant more circulation of radical books
- Education reforms meant more liberal thinking and radicalisation
- Legal reforms promoted legal careers and created criticisers of the govt
- Opposition
- Young Russia: student organisation who were hostile towards the Church and Tsar. They did the St. Petersburg fires in 1862.
- The Organisation (1863): Moscow students who coordinated revolutionary activities.
- After assassination attempts in 1866 and 1867, a period of reaction started. Reactionary ministers (Tolstoy and Shuvalov) appointed.
- Military and economic reforms continued.
- Education
- Church gained authority again and Zemstva's were restricted.
- Sciences removed alongside 'radical' subjects. Students went abroad to study.
- Student organisations banned and female education declined.
- Police and law
- Third Section authority increased
- Political offenders faced 'show trials' till 1878. Political crimes tried in secret courts in 1878.
- 1879: governor-generals could exile.
- Led to opposition thriving underground and soon show trials were abandoned due to cases like the Zasulich.
- Change of heart?
- After 1879-90 famine, industrial recession etc. Tsar created the Loris-Melikov commission.
- Led to the release of political prisoners, relaxation of censorship and abolition of Third Section.
- But Third Section were just replaced by the Okhrana.
- Led to the release of political prisoners, relaxation of censorship and abolition of Third Section.
- After 1879-90 famine, industrial recession etc. Tsar created the Loris-Melikov commission.
- Reforms helped stimulate opposition
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