Alcohols
- Created by: maura
- Created on: 22-03-13 16:32
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- Alcohols
- Reactions
- Combustion - Burn in plentiful supply of oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O and release energy
- Reaction with sodium - Na sinks in alcohol (more dense) and H2 is produced. Alcohol acts as an acid. I.e - Sodium + ethanol = sodium ethoxide + H2. This reaction used to remove water vapour from a liquid.
- Substitution reactions to form halogenoalkanes - alcohol + phosphorus chloride (PCl5) = chloroalkane + hydrogenchloride + POCl3.
- Used as a test for presence of -OH group: add PCl5 and steamy fumes of HCl produced. To test for HCl add Conc NH3 and dense white fumes produced (NH4Cl)
- Oxidation of alcohols
- Primary - oxidise to form aldehydes then to carboxylic acids (common product)
- Secondary - oxidise to form ketones + H2O
- Tertiary - Do not oxidise!
- Types
- Secondary(2o) 2 Alkyl groups and 1 H atom attached to the Carbon joined to the -OH
- Tertiary (3o) 3 alkyl groups attached to the carbon joined to the -OH
- Primary (1o) 2 H atoms attached to the Carbon joined to the -OH
- Reactions
- Reaction with sodium - Na sinks in alcohol (more dense) and H2 is produced. Alcohol acts as an acid. I.e - Sodium + ethanol = sodium ethoxide + H2. This reaction used to remove water vapour from a liquid.
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