Alcohols

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  • ALCOHOLS
    • Methane, ethane, propane, butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane
      • Displayed= all bonds shown
      • Structural= written out structure (cyclo must be shown in a circle)
      • Skeletal= lines showing formation of carbon atoms
      • Empirical= simplest ratio of formula
      • Molecular= general formula
    • If molecules have the same molecular formula but different structures they are structural isomers
      • 4. If more than one branch- di, tri, tetra
        • 3. Number carbons so you can use the lowest numbers
          • 2. Prefix is length of branched chain, keep in alphabetical order
            • 1. Name longest chain, chains can go round corners
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      • -O-H is hyroxyl. Ethanol is CH3CH2OH
        • Number in middle (propan-1-ol) is the carbon atom to which the OH group is attached
        • Primary/ secondary/ tertiary is how many hydrocarbon chains are attached to the C with the OH
    • Tests on alcohols
      • Solubility: the first 3 members of the homologous series are soluble
      • Primary alcohols can be oxidised
      • More reactive further down homologous series
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