Affirmative Action
- Created by: DaisyR13
- Created on: 08-06-14 23:56
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- Affirmative Action
- Arguments against Affirmative Action
- Hard-line
- Unconstitutional
- Warren and Burger courts of the 50s and 60s were too liberal and misinterpreted the constitution
- USA is built on competition between individuals
- Hard line opponents use initiative and propositions to try and get AA declared unconstitutional in those states
- USA Based on individual rights not group rights
- Counter- productive
- African Americans are more likely to live in a single parent household (69%)
- African American children are more likely to be disruptive and excluded from school
- Caused more by African American culture and lifestyle
- African American households contain far fewer books on average than white households
- African Americans are more likely to live in a single parent household (69%)
- African American children are more likely to be disruptive and excluded from school
- Caused more by African American culture and lifestyle
- African Americans are more likely to live in a single parent household (69%)
- Undermines the success of African Americans, did they achieve their success because of AA?
- Sends wrong message that African Americans cannot compete with other races on equal terms
- Creates a dependency culture
- Encourages some African Americans to be lazy
- Might encourage some African Americans to have unrealistic expectations
- African Americans are more likely to live in a single parent household (69%)
- Unconstitutional
- Moderate
- Discrimination
- White Americans living in the USA today are not responsible for slavery
- Chief Justice John Roberts said "the way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race!"
- No longer necessary
- Help should be offered to the poor on an economic not racial basis
- Grutter V Bollinger decision
- Significant proportion of African Americans have prospered over the years, do their children really need AA?
- Discrimination
- Hard-line
- Arguments For Affirmative Action
- Employment
- In 1960 only 15% of African Americans had 'white collar' jobs but by 2002 this had increased to 70%
- In 1960 African Americans were virtually excluded from skilled apprenticeships but now it is normal for them to undertake these jobs
- Housing
- In 1960 African Americans were unable to buy in white suburbs because of discrimination
- The 1968 Fair Housing Act made this illegal
- In 1960 African Americans were unable to buy in white suburbs because of discrimination
- Politics
- In 1970 there were only 10 African American representatives in Congress by 2010 this had risen to 43
- Senate
- 1 African American Senator (1% compared to 13% of pop.)
- House
- 42 African Americans (10% of House but 13% of pop.) 27 Hispanics (6% of House but 16% of pop.) 31 Jews (7% of House but 3% of pop.)
- Disenfranchisement
- 13 states take away the right to vote from anyone convicted of a felony
- 13% of African American men are being excluded
- Washington DC does not elect any reps to Congress but is the bigggest black city
- 13 states take away the right to vote from anyone convicted of a felony
- Racial Profiling
- Particular issue with police, courts and convinctions
- Different Punishments for drugs
- Crack cocaine is commonly a black drug and has longer prison sentences but much shorter prison sentences for powder cocaine which is a white drug
- Ghettos
- African Americans who are left in ghettos are worse off than before, less money to spend on schools and libraries
- Healthcare
- African Americans are the poorest group so have worse access to healthcare
- Employment
- African Americans are the least educated group in the US so they have to take unskilled jobs
- Recessions always hit African Americans the worst
- Education
- The % of African Americans finishing high school has increased from 39% in 1960 to 87% in 2000
- The % of African Americans finishing university with a degree has increased from 9% in 1970 to 15% in 2000
- Criminal Justice
- Increase in drug use and dealing in the African American ghettos since the 60s
- Reparations
- The slave trade is the biggest crime in world history and they want compensation for this
- Education
- African Americans live in the poorest districts with low budgets for schools
- Employment
- Arguments against Affirmative Action
- No longer necessary
- Help should be offered to the poor on an economic not racial basis
- Grutter V Bollinger decision
- Significant proportion of African Americans have prospered over the years, do their children really need AA?
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