Atoms
- Created by: hannahbidgood
- Created on: 31-03-15 10:32
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- Atoms
- Isotopes
- Different atomic forms of the same element.
- Same number of protons, different number of neutrons
- Same atomic number but different mass number
- Carbon-12 and Carbon-14 are common isotopes
- Ionic Bonding
- The transferring of electrons.
- Structure
- Always giant ionic lattices
- Packed closely together.
- Strong forces of attraction in all directions
- High melting / boiling points
- Properties
- Only conduct electricity when melted or dissolved.
- This is due to free moving ions
- Only conduct electricity when melted or dissolved.
- Form between a metal and non-metal
- Covalent
- Sharing electrons
- Simple molecular
- Form strong bonds between atoms
- Has weak forces of attraction between the molecules
- Low boiling / melting points
- No ions so no electrical charge
- Normally gas or liquid
- Giant structures
- All atoms are bonded with strong bonds
- High melting / boiling points
- Don't conduct electricity (ex graphite)
- Types
- Diamond (4 bonds, very strong)
- Silica (Sand, giant structure of silicon and oxygen)
- Graphite
- 3 bonds, separated in layers
- Layers slip past eachother
- Conducts electricity due to one delocalised electron
- Metals
- Giant structure
- Free electrons, electrical
- In layers
- Bendy
- New materials
- Behave differently depending on the conditiosn
- E.g Nitinol- Turns into remembered shape when hot
- Nanoparticles
- Very small particles
- Nano-particles are made of fullerenes
- Which are carbon atoms arranged in a ball or tube.
- Uses
- Catalysts
- Cosmetics
- Lubricant
- Building materials
- Polymers
- Types
- Thermo-softening
- No cross links
- Easy to melt
- Remouldable
- Thermo-setting
- Cross links
- Does not soften (unshapable)
- Strong, hard and rigid
- Thermo-softening
- Materials and conditions affect properties
- LD polythene heated to 200C under high pressure
- Used for bags and bottles
- HD polythene low temp with catalyst
- Water tanks and drainpipes
- LD polythene heated to 200C under high pressure
- Types
- Isotopes
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