Action theories
- Created by: ciaramcg
- Created on: 12-06-22 01:33
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- Action theories
- weber
- both structural and action theories important for understanding society
- level of cause
- understanding the objective structural factors that shape behaviour
- level of meaning
- understanding the subjective meanings that each individual attach to their actions
- level of cause
- Verstehen
- putting ourselves in other peoples shoes to understand why they act in a certain way
- 4 types of action
- traditional action
- action that is custom or habit
- affectual action
- action that expresses emotion eg crying at funeral
- value rational action
- action towards a goals the person regards as desirable
- instrumentally rational action
- calculate the most efficient means of achieving a goal
- traditional action
- both structural and action theories important for understanding society
- symbolic interactionism
- mead
- saw the world via symbols- things we attach meaning to
- compared to animals, human actions have a 'interpretive phase'
- we interpret the action based on the context we are in which influences our response to it
- how we learn meanings of symbols
- significant other- family, primary socialisation
- generalised other- school or wider society, secondary socialisation
- significant other- family, primary socialisation
- compared to animals, human actions have a 'interpretive phase'
- saw the world via symbols- things we attach meaning to
- Blumer (develops mead)
- actions are based on meanings
- meanings arise from interactions but are NOT fixed
- the meanings me give to situations are the result of the interpretive procedures we use
- meanings arise from interactions but are NOT fixed
- argues that actions are partly predictable and not completely fixed, room for negotiation
- actions are based on meanings
- mead
- labelling theory
- when we define something we label it
- Thomas
- if we label something there will be a consequence
- cooley
- looking glass self
- when we are labelled we see ourselves as others see us
- looking glass self
- self fulfilling prophecy
- we become the label
- Thomas
- when we define something we label it
- Goffman
- dramaturgical model
- Actively constructing ourselves through manipulating other people's impressions of us
- society is like a play
- back stage role
- Our roles are interchangeable
- Untitled
- Our roles are interchangeable
- front stage role
- back stage role
- dramaturgical model
- Phenomenology
- Schulz
- typifications
- categories and concepts shared with other ppl in society
- allow us to stabilise meaning and make sure we agree on meanings of things for communication
- categories and concepts shared with other ppl in society
- typifications
- husserl
- We don't have definite knowledge of what the world outside our mind is really like
- only what our sense tells us about it.
- world only makes sense because we classify and clarify information into mental categories
- only what our sense tells us about it.
- We don't have definite knowledge of what the world outside our mind is really like
- Schulz
- weber
- too individualistic and fails to understand shared meaning
- eg how do others understand the meaning you attach to ur behaviour
- some actions may have multiple meanings to individuals
- verstehen- we can't truly understand what others are feeling
- combines the role of structure with the importance of understanding the meaning of peoples actions
- functionalists and marxists fail to do
- functionalists-no negotiation of actions
- socialisation and social control ensures that ppl conform to societies norms
- and act in a predicable fixed way - maintaining consensus
- not everyone conforms to their label
- Mary fuller research into black girls
- ethnomethodology
- garfinkle
- members actively construct meanings in every-day life using common sense knowledge
- different to interactionism because it does not focus on the effect of meanings, but instead how meanings were created in the first place
- Garfinkel believes in indexicality - nothing has a fixed meaning, it depends on the social context.
- different to interactionism because it does not focus on the effect of meanings, but instead how meanings were created in the first place
- members actively construct meanings in every-day life using common sense knowledge
- garfinkle
- We seek to control the presentation of self - give people a particular impression of us. To do this we must control our impression management
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