AoB - L7-9
- Created by: hannahgibson96
- Created on: 10-05-16 11:09
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- Acquisition of Behaviour
- L7: Animal navigation and migration
- What is navigation? Why do animals migrate?
- 2 main mechanisms of spacial orientation used by animals in order to nativigate
- Egocentric spacial localisation - eg path integration & dead reckoning
- What is dead reckoning?
- Eg, Cataglyphis ants
- Advantages and disadvantages of egocentric spacial localisation
- Allocentric spacial localisation - eg beacons & landmarks
- What is allocentric spacial localisation?
- Difference between land marks and cues
- Water maize experiment on rats - link to L4
- Template matching and local views - eg, digger wasps
- Vector sum model
- Eg, gerbils
- Multiple bearings model
- Benefits
- Eg, Clarks nutcrackers
- Route learning, eg social bees
- Definition of spacial orientation
- Egocentric spacial localisation - eg path integration & dead reckoning
- Definition of migration & why is migration adaptive to organisms?
- Costs and benefits of migration
- Cues used by animals to navigate, visual and non-visual
- Integration of multiple cues
- Eg, the sun as a compass
- the 'ephemeris function'
- Clock shift experiments - eg, starlings
- Eg. magnetic sense
- Experiments
- Eg stars and magnetic fields experiments on gray-cheeked thrushes and swainson's thrushes.
- Eg, the sun as a compass
- Integration of multiple cues
- Genetic basis of migration
- Human impacts on animal migrations
- 1. Habitat change
- Stopover sites - eg Red knot
- Aquatic habitat change - eg salmon
- Terrestrial habitat change
- 2. Climate change
- 3. Changing biotic interaction - eg, Snow geese in North America
- 1. Habitat change
- L8: Discussion - human impacts on migration
- Effects on the ecosystems that there are now entering/ leaving
- Why does the animal migrate?
- Methods used to migrate
- Impacts of animal not being able to migrate
- Costs and benefits to hamans
- Solutions
- L9: Animal territoriality & Stigmergy
- What is a territory? Territory structure and function
- Principle of economic dependability and territoriality & natural selection
- Optimal territory size
- Eg, Rufous hummingbird
- Eg, Convict cichlids
- Shared resource defence
- Eg, European Robin
- Pied wag-tail
- Interspecific territoriality
- Why defend a territory? Trade-off of costs and benefits
- Eg, Golden-winged sunbird
- Optimal territory size
- Territory marks and animal communication to retain a territory
- Visual cues
- Static-optical cues - eg, giraffes
- Dynamic-optical cues - eg, fiddle crabs
- Nocturnal animals - Eg, Eagle Owl
- Acoustic cues (links to L2 & L5)
- Scent marking in mammals, examples
- Scent marking in reptiles, eg, wall lizards
- Territory dynamics - (game theoretical model)
- Effect of population density on behaviour - exp, Red fox
- Visual cues
- Territory scent marking as stigmergy
- What is stigmergy
- Characteristics of stigmeric processes
- Stigmergic mechanisms in territoriality formation
- L7: Animal navigation and migration
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