GCSE Chemistry - Acids, Bases, Alkalis and Salts
- Created by: Megan McGlone
- Created on: 06-05-13 20:44
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- Acids, Bases and Salts - GCSE Chemistry
- Acids are chemicals which dissolve in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+
- Hydrochloric Acid HCl
- Chlorides
- Sulphuric Acid H2SO4
- Sulphates
- Nitric Acid HNO3
- Nitrates
- Ethanoic Acid CH3COOH
- Ethanoates
- Carbonic Acid
- Carbonates
- Hydrochloric Acid HCl
- A salt is formed when the hydrogen ion in an acid is replaced by a metal ion or an ammonium ion.
- A base is a metal oxide or metal hydroxide which can neutralize an acid to form a salt and water only
- An alkali is a soluble base
- Indicators
- Litmus Indicator
- In neutral solution - Purple
- In acidic solution - Red
- In alkaline solution - Blue
- Acids turn BLUE litmus paper RED
- Alkalis turn RED litmus paper BLUE
- Alkalis turn RED litmus paper BLUE
- Universal Indicator
- Neutral solutions have pH values of 7
- Alkalis have pH values ABOVE 7
- Acids have pH values of BELOW 7
- pH meter
- Gives pH readings to 2 decimal places
- Litmus Indicator
- Reactions with Acids
- Acid + Base/Alkali = Salt + Water
- All Boots Should Walk
- Acid + Carbonate = Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water
- All Cows Should Chew Wheat
- Acid + Metal = Salt + Hydrogen
- All Mothers Should Help
- Acid + Base/Alkali = Salt + Water
- Gas Tests
- Test for Hydrogen - Apply a lighted splint to the gas - A squeaky pop is heard
- Test for Carbon Dioxide - Bubble the gas through limewater - limewater turns milky
- Equation for neutralization H + OH = H2O
- Acids are chemicals which dissolve in water to produce hydrogen ions, H+
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