acids, bases and salts
- Created by: Amelia
- Created on: 23-04-17 18:33
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- Acids, Bases and Salts
- Bases
- Bases are proton acceptors -they accept the H+ ions.
- Alkalis are soluble bases
- Alkalis produce OH- ions in aqueous solution.
- Acids
- Acids are proton donors - they release H+ ions (protons) in aqueous solution
- some common acids: HCl , H2SO4 , HNO3 and CH3COOH
- Salts
- Acids and bases neutralise each other. during the neutralisation reaction, a salt and water are produced.
- A salt is formed when the H+ ion in the acid is replaced by metal ions or ammonium (NH4+) ions from the alkali.
- metal + acid = metal salt + hydrogen
- Ammonia + acid = ammonium salt
- Reactions with water
- When an acid or base reacts with water, the reaction is always reversibe
- The stronger the acid or base, the more H+ or OH- ions are released.This means very little of the reverse reaction happens.
- Practice exam questions
- Q: A student prepares a solution of calcium nitrate by reacting dilute nitric acid with the base calcium hydroxide. Why is calcium nitrate an example of a salt?
- A: the H+ ion in the acid has been replaced by the Ca2+ metal ion.
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- Q: A student prepares a solution of calcium nitrate by reacting dilute nitric acid with the base calcium hydroxide. Why is calcium nitrate an example of a salt?
- Bases
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