A.C. 2.2 + 3.2 - Describing and Evaluating Individualistic Theory (UNIT 2) (1)
- Created by: Viliamreis17
- Created on: 02-05-20 19:59
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- A.C. 2.2 Describe Individualistic Theories.
- A.C. 3.2 Evaluate Individualistic Theories.
- Advantages
- Age restriction have been forced to stop imitation of behaviour between children and role models.
- Cause and effect relationship is being shown.
- Equal amount of boys and girls where being studied, making it more valid and useful.
- No demand characteristic, children didn't know they were being observed through a 2 way mirror, this increases reliability.
- Disadvantages
- The sample consisted of only children from Stanford University primary school, which cant be generalised to any other country/culture making it a bias sample.
- Due to the doll being placed in the room, children might have though they should repeat the behaviour shown.
- Criticised on ethical ground, as parents consent was not given
- Lacks ecological validity
- Advantages
- Albert Bandura (SLT)
- Child observes behaviour and then based on the perceived outcome of those behaviours (Positive or Negative), will copy or reject these behaviours.
- 1. Attention: we watch the role model
- 2. Retention: we remember the behaviour
- 3. Reproduce: we copy the behaviour
- 4. Motivation: we are rewarded in some way for the behaviour
- Bobo Doll: bandura placed two groups of children with a doll into a room. 1st group had a aggressive role model, 2nd group had a non aggressive role model
- 1st group of children copied the aggressive behaviour of the role model and then reproduced it.
- 2nd group of children did not copy any behaviour as aggression was not shown by the role model
- Bandura later conducted another experiment through a tv, showing children the two tapes and he got the same results.
- CopyCat killers emerge due to role models such as jack the reaper and Yorkshire reaper.
- Observational learning: criminal behaviour is learnt through observation either by family, peers or cultural symbols.
- Vicarious Reinforcement, see someone getting rewarded for their actions, and so people copy.
- Sutherland, Differential Association: learning experiences will vary in frequency and importance to each individual.
- the process of learning criminal behaviour is no different to any other behaviour.
- A.C. 3.2 Evaluate Individualistic Theories.
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