A2 Theorists and Theories
- Created by: Jess
- Created on: 19-05-14 09:46
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- A2 Theorists and Theories
- Child Language Development
- Spoken
- Lenneburg
- Posed the Critical Period Hypothesis- Without linguistic interaction before ages 5-6 language development is severely limited (Genie)
- Stages of language acquisition
- Cooing (4-7 months)- Comfort sounds and vocal play
- Babbling ( 6-12 months)- Repeating consonant and vowel sounds
- Proto-words (9-12 months)- Word-like vocalisations(ie 'mmm' and 'give me that')
- Holophrastic (12-18 months)- One word utterances
- Two-word (18-24 months)- Two word utterances
- Telegraphic (24-36 months)- 3 or more words
- Post-telegraphic (36+ months)- More complex utterances
- Often emitted features
- Verb tenses, Confuse pronouns, Dummy do, Copula (is, are), Auxiliaries
- Hallidays' functions of language
- Instrumental-Fulfil a need
- Regulatory- Influence behaviour
- Interactional-Develop social relationships
- Personal- Convey opinions
- Representational- Convey facts and opinions
- Imaginative- Role play
- Heuristic- Learn about the environment
- Skinner
- Behaviorist- Suggested that language is acquired through imitation and reinforcement ( i.e. reward a child, children repeat what they hear, correct their mistakes)
- Piaget
- Cognativist- Stated that a child needs to have developed certain mental abilities before they can acquire particular aspects of language
- Berko and Brown
- Looked at inflections and the order they are learnt: 1. -ing words (Present participle) 2. Plural (-s) 3. Possessive ('s) 4. Articles (A, the) 5. Past tense (-ed) 6. Third person singular verb endings (Love-s) 7. Auxillery (Be)
- Posed 'Wugs' experiment that backed up Chomskys LAD theory
- Chomsky
- Nativist- Argued that a child's ability to acquire language was inbuilt and innate. Language isn't taught but is a natural development. Explains how children overgeneralise and why they acquire in a certain order(LAD)
- Genie case study
- The ZPD (Zone of proximal development)- A child needs a caregiver to interact and encourage a response. this helps a child to apply this 'model' to similar situations
- Lenneburg
- Written
- Kroll
- Preparation (0-6 years)- Basic motor skills with some principles of spelling (Ie drawings and graphemes)
- Consolidation (7-8 years)- Writing is similar to spoken language (More colloquial, clauses joined by and)
- Differentiation (9-10)- Aware that writing is different to speech, stronger understanding of writing for and audience and cause
- Integration (10+)- 'Personal voice' in writing (Own thoughts, controlled writing with appropriate linguistic choices made, essay writing)
- Vygotski
- Private speech- When a child talks aloud to itself (Major step to a child's mental development- Evidence it is thinking for itself)
- The ZPD (Zone of proximal development)- A child needs a caregiver to interact and encourage a response. this helps a child to apply this 'model' to similar situations
- Bruner
- LASS model- explains how childrens speech is developed by adults reading to them (Inspired by Vygotski)
- Includes four phrases: Gaining attention (Pictures), Query (Asking what it is), Label ( Tell them what it is), Feedback (Respond to utterence)
- Barclay
- 7 stages of writing development----------------- 1. Scribbling 2. Mock handwriting 3. Mock letters 4. Conventional letters 5. Invented spelling 6. Appropriate spelling 7. Correct spelling
- Kroll
- Other theories
- Motherese
- It is usually delivered with a "cooing" pattern of intonation different from that of normal adult speech: high in pitch. Baby talk is also characterized by the shortening and simplifying of words.
- Caregiver language
- Ask lots of questions, Repeat certain structures, uses imperatives, encourages a response
- More knowledgable other
- A person or object that contains more information or knowledge than the child. Its function is to inform the child or act as a model.
- Motherese
- Spoken
- Points to remember
- Contextual factors
- Refer back to the question
- Support the point with a quote
- Child Language Development
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