A2 Language Variation Theories
- Created by: Rebecca Campbell
- Created on: 02-06-14 17:04
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- A2 Language Variation
- Class
- Bernstein's restricted and elaborated code
- Jenny Cheshire study: All children who conform to criminal peer pressure groups are most likely to use non-standard forms. Those who do not conform are more likely to use standard forms.
- Trudgill found that those of a lower socioeconomic background were more likely to use non-standard forms
- Labov's New York Study of department stores and the pronunciation of /r/. (Covert prestige)
- Status and Solidarity: Rp gives high status yet low solidarity. Regional varieties have lower status but higher solidarity.
- Regional
- Giles (1970s) RP sounds more educated and reliable but regional varieties sound more friendly and persuasive
- Aziz Corporation (2003) Regional accents are a disadvantage in the business world
- University of Aberdeen: Birmingham accents are the best at delivering comedy
- Labov's Martha's Vineyard study: Found that those who held positive attitudes towards the island would exaggerate/ over identify with their pronunciation patterns in order to separate themselves from tourists
- Fisherman did this in order to identify themselves as a superior group, separate from the tourists. This is a great example of Labov's covert prestige
- Covert prestige is also associated with language variations such as Scouse accents and MLE
- Fisherman did this in order to identify themselves as a superior group, separate from the tourists. This is a great example of Labov's covert prestige
- Giles stated that we adjust our speech accommodate the person we are addressing. Ref. downwards and upwards convergence
- Dialect Leveling: The gradual integration of dialects (merging) ref. Kerswill's research of EE spreading throughout UK
- Koineisation: the process where a new dialect is formed through language contact
- Ethnicity
- Mark Sebba: London Jamaican code switching (subconsciously between patois and EE)
- Gender
- Males are more likely to adopt covert prestige
- Females are more likely to adopt overt prestige in the form of RP due to generally being more class conscious
- Trudgill stated that the working class language was associated with the male orientated working class culture
- Class
- Fisherman did this in order to identify themselves as a superior group, separate from the tourists. This is a great example of Labov's covert prestige
- Covert prestige is also associated with language variations such as Scouse accents and MLE
- Dialect Leveling: The gradual integration of dialects (merging) ref. Kerswill's research of EE spreading throughout UK
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