A-Level Geography - Human - Urbanisation Processes
- Created by: Noah_S
- Created on: 28-01-22 10:30
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- Urbanisation Processes
- General Theory
- Suburbanisation
- Migration of people from the city centre to the outskirts of cities
- As centres become overcrowded, improvements to transport links mean people can live further away
- Wealthy and poorer areas develop, as middle-class move out the the suburbs and people left behind are poorer
- May include foreign immigrants which lead to economic and ethnic segregation
- Counter - Urbanisation
- Movement of people out of the city into rural areas due to improvements in transport, leading to commuting to the city
- People leave cities because of high property prices and overcrowding, or preferring quieter rural areas
- May lead to new housing estates in rural areas, which could raise house prices and force local people to leave the area
- Urbanisation
- Growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas
- Occurs because of rural-urban migration and natural increase in population
- Migrants are usually young adults
- In LICs/NEEs, can result in shanty towns - unplanned and illegal settlements
- Urban Resurgence
- Movement of people back into the city centres, possibly because of a lack of jobs in rural or suburban areas
- Common in many post-industrial countries like the UK and USA
- New shops and services may open in the city, boosting the local economy
- Original residents in the cities may not be able to afford to live in the area, and are forced to move
- Suburbanisation
- Counter-Urbanisation - St Ives
- Location
- Located 70 miles north of London and close to Cambridge
- Had a population of 3800 in 1961, grown to 16400 in 2010
- Good road access and rail links to Cambridge and London, leading to people commuting each day
- COVID has changed this as people have started to work from home
- Impacts
- Traffic congestion has become a problem, especially on the A14
- House prices have rose from £130,000 in 2000 to £394,000 today
- Demand for housing has caused new developments to be built on floodplains - 1000 properties are at risk for a 1 in 100 year event
- Movement of families have changed the age structure, meaning St Ives has changed from an aging town to a young town
- Has put pressure on schools and other services for children
- Responses
- Plans in 2010 were approved to build 200 new homes, 75 of these will be affordable housing
- Plans to expand primary schools will make 240 more places available
- A £116 million guided busway has been built, reducing congestion on the A14
- Location
- Suburbanisation - Surbiton
- Location
- In south west London in Kingston upon Thames
- Population of the borough increased from 141,000 in 1971 to 160,000 in 2011
- A train from Surbiton to Waterloo is 18 minutes, and is located near the A3
- Impacts
- 70% of households own at least one car, so roads have large amounts of parked cars, causing congestions
- Surbiton is in London travel zone 6, meaning fares into central London are expensive, causing 40% of commuters to drive
- The average house price is £600,000 today, meaning low income workers cannot move there, causing economic segregation
- Responses
- Improvement Strategy for Surbiton Town Centre was launch in September 2009, proposing widening roads and more
- Campaign to reclassify Surbiton station as being in Zone 5, lowing fares and encouraging people to use public transport
- Location
- General Theory
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