Module 5: Section 4/5 - Plant and Animal Responses Part 1
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- Created on: 15-12-18 15:08
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- 5.5 Plant/Animal Responses (Nervous system)
- The Human Nervous System
- Afferent Nerves
- nerves that travel towards the CNS
- Efferent nerves
- nerves that travel away from the CNS
- CNS (central nervous system)
- brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral Nervous System
- Consists of nerves running to/from CNS
- Divides into:
- somatic nervous system (voluntary system)
- Autonomic Nervous system (involuntary system)
- Afferent Nerves
- somatic nervous system
- sensory
- made of sensory neurons
- carries impulses from sensory organs to CNS
- Motor Nerves
- all motor neurons
- signals from CNS to muscles/glands
- Mixed nerves
- Spinal nerves from spinal cord containing both sensory and & motor neurones
- sensory
- Autonomic nervous system
- divided into:
- Sympathetic nervous system
- fight or flight
- parasympathetic nervous system
- rest and digest
- feed and breed
- Sympathetic nervous system
- divided into:
- Sympathetic Nervous System
- thoracolumbar outflow
- cervical region e,g, pupils dilating
- Thoracic region e.g. heartbeat acceleration
- Lumber region e,g, pupil dilation
- sacral region e.g. inhibits bladder contraction
- Accelerator Nerve
- slender/unmyelinated nerves
- establishes sympathetic innervation of the heart
- Parasympathetic Nervous system
- controlled by the vagus nerve
- 'a carniosacral outflow'
- comes mainly from the cervical or sacral region
- Vagus Nerve
- parasympathetic nervous system
- passes through the neck into the thorax and abdomen
- Contains motor/sensoryfibres
- slows down heart rate and constricts pupils
- e.g.
- constricts pupils
- slows heart rate
- stimulates bile release
- Two - Neuron Knee Jerk reflex arc
- 2.
- Receptor
- stretch receptor in quadriceps muscle
- Receptor
- 1.
- stimulus
- stretching of quadriceps (caused by ligament being hit between your knee cap and tibia)
- stimulus
- 3.
- coordinator
- spinal cord (does not cross brain)
- coordinator
- 4.
- Effector
- quadriceps muscle
- Effector
- 5.
- response
- contraction of quadriceps muscle causing straightening of leg
- response
- the stretching receptor sends impulses down sensory neuron which connects directly to motor neuron in spinal cords.
- there is no relay neuron for this response.
- However, the inhibitor response requires action potentials to pass through a relay neuron before the motor neurone can stimulate the hamstring
- there is no relay neuron for this response.
- 2.
- ways to stimulate the vagus nerve
- laughing
- exercise
- Untitled
- The Human Nervous System
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