(3) MLE- Ethnicity in language mindmap

Mindmap on MLE for Ethnicity topic (AQA)

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  • Ethnicity in language- MLE
    • Background
      • Multi-cultural London English is a sociolect of English that emerged in the late 20th C. It is spoken authentically by working class young speakers who are exposed to different varieties as they grow up.
      • In Northwest Europe, 'multiethnolect' (Clyne 2000) is widely applied to the speech of young people living in multicultural districts in large cities. It is a variety of a host language, formed in the community with a high proportion of 2nd language speakers.
      • MLE is referred to as 'Jafaican' because of its accumulation of elements from cockney, Jamaican and other Caribbean Englishes, and South Asian.
      • Researchers link the emergence of MLE with large scale post-war immigration from developing countries. Thus, children of immigrants often shift rapidly to the majority language (London English), however, the majority speakers may be the minority (immigrants).- Many inner London cockney speakers moved to outer London areas in the post-war period.
      • There may not be much social integration between immigrants and indigenous populations. This means that the majority language may be acquired from other second language speakers in what is known as a 'group second language acquisition' setting.
      • In London, the researchers argue that many immigrants and subsequently their children may have acquired their London English in an unguided way (through friendship/kinships of second language speakers)- Thus MLE was created.
    • Research
      • Researchers see linguistic contact as an important determining factor in the emergence of MLE. MLE is not a direct transfer from any other language, but rather it is the language contact situation itself that led to linguistic innovtaion.
    • Features of MLE
      • A feature of MLE is the use of the past tense plural pronoun 'was; instead of 'were; -eg 'we was in the shop'. Chesire et al propped a new quotative expression in spoken discourse 'This is me' or 'I was like'
      • MLE use the noun 'man' as a personal pronoun, eg- 'mans really cold' or as the third person pronoun, eg- 'mans got issues'. 'Man' can also be used as a second person pronoun, eg- 'mans got to work hard to succeed'. This feature of MLE is flexible and context dependent,
        • This shows that MLE is an authentic dialect that uses a range of various lexical and grammatical features.
          • A feature of MLE is the use of the past tense plural pronoun 'was; instead of 'were; -eg 'we was in the shop'. Chesire et al propped a new quotative expression in spoken discourse 'This is me' or 'I was like'
    • Perceptions of MLE
      • The reality of MLE is not the perceeptions of the dialect. The contribution if Jamaican patrois to MLE has been vastly overstated in the media. Reasons for the association of MLE with Jamaican is from the large amounts of influence from Jamaican cruisine and music to our culture.
      • There is a stereotype of crime, a lack of education and an urban lifestyle (rap music) that I s associated with typically Jamaican individuals who may speak MLE.

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