2b.10
- Created by: bbulut
- Created on: 28-01-21 20:59
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- How can coastlines be managed to meet the needs of
all players?2B.10 Increasing
risks of coastal
recession and
coastal
flooding have
serious
consequences
for affected
communities
- economic losses and social losses from coastal recessions can be significant , especially in areas of dense coastal development.
- social
- relocation- can have a significant coast and can break up communities which will lead to stress
- loss of livelihoods- can lead to stress due to secondary financial issues. Eventually the increased stress levels in a community will effect the social wellbeing.
- economic
- loss and damage to property and buildings can cause major financial costs that are hard to recover from.
- the fall in property price and inability to sell property can cause long-term financial difficulty.
- on top will be the cost of a new home.
- Example- the coastal change pathfinder project. the gave east riding of Yorkshire £12 million to funded relocation and demolishment of 43 houses.
- unexpected recession caused in local economy do to the movement of people and financial cost increases
- A hotel in Scarborough collapsed in 1993. the hotel was worth 2 million but after the collapsed there was 1 million tonne of bolder clays
- social
- Coastal flooding and storm surge events can have serious
economic and social consequences for coastal communities in
both developing and developed countries.
- developed country: Netherlands 1953
- Caused by a mid-latitude depression moving south through the North Sea generating a 5m storm surge.
- Almost 10% of Dutch farmland flooded
- 40,000 buildings damaged 10,000 buildings destroyed
- 1800 deaths
- developing country: Philippines The IPCC estimates a rise of 60 cm - 1 m by 2100 in the Philippines
- Economic
- A 1 m rise would cause $6.5 billion of property damage
- San Fernando in the north of Luzon predicted to lose 123,000 m^2 beach with $95,000 p.a. tourism revenue
- Fishing industry losses estimated at $168,000 p.a.
- Much of the threatened area is poor shanty towns, e.g. Cavite City and Las Piñas in Manila, with low property value
- Social
- A 1 m rise would affect 2.3 million people, and 62% of Manila in the south of Luzon Island
- Loss of livelihood - fishing, tourism
- Loss of amenity value - San Fernando beach
- Social cost high as alternative employment is difficult to find in the formal sector
- Economic
- developed country: Netherlands 1953
- climate change may create environmental refugees in some areas. Environmental refugees are those forced to leave their homes because of natural processes
- environment refugees may be created due to Flooding, Salt water encroachment and Coral bleaching.
- Example- the Maldives: They have an average height of 1.5 m above sea level, but the population of 400,000 is too large to be easily accommodated elsewhere. Its government is negotiating with India, Sri Lanka and Australia to buy land.
- The Water supply is limited and at risk of encroachment
- they have high population densities and very limited space, so no opportunity for relocation.
- they have a small economy which is easily distrusted
- Example- the Maldives: They have an average height of 1.5 m above sea level, but the population of 400,000 is too large to be easily accommodated elsewhere. Its government is negotiating with India, Sri Lanka and Australia to buy land.
- environment refugees may be created due to Flooding, Salt water encroachment and Coral bleaching.
- economic losses and social losses from coastal recessions can be significant , especially in areas of dense coastal development.
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