2.2 The Cuban Missile Crisis
- Created by: bboyapati10
- Created on: 22-08-18 11:45
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- 2.2 The Cuban Missile Crisis
- Causes
- Cuban Revolution
- January 1959 - Fidel Castro toppled Por-American government of Cuba
- Eisenhower was concerned
- American businesses invested heavily in Cuba
- USA was an important investor in Cuba's main export, sugar
- America owned most of Cuban land
- Tension
- American government reluctantly recognised government
- refused to provide economic aid
- Feb 1960 - Castro and Soviet links
- Khrushchev bought sugar
- economic aid
- Receives arms from USSR
- Khrushchev bought sugar
- May 1959 - Cuban government took over land owned by foreign nationals
- American government reluctantly recognised government
- American businesses invested heavily in Cuba
- Fidel didn't want country to be controlled by America
- Tension
- American government reluctantly recognised government
- refused to provide economic aid
- Feb 1960 - Castro and Soviet links
- Khrushchev bought sugar
- economic aid
- Receives arms from USSR
- Khrushchev bought sugar
- May 1959 - Cuban government took over land owned by foreign nationals
- American government reluctantly recognised government
- Tension
- Eisenhower was concerned
- January 1959 - Fidel Castro toppled Por-American government of Cuba
- Bay Of Pigs
- Causes
- USA concerned on pro-Soviet regime nearby
- July 1960 - Eisenhower reduced amount of sugar the sugar bought
- Oct 1960 - Banned all trade links
- Jan 1961 - Broke diplomatic reactions
- USA concerned on pro-Soviet regime nearby
- Kennedy (CIA) used Cuban exiles to launch an invasion and overthrow Castro
- to look like a Cuban counter-revolution
- 17 April 1961 - Invasion force of 1400 Cuban exiles landed in Cuba
- Failure
- Volunteers had no military experience
- US couldn't support attack
- (Cuba) 20,000 soldiers vs 1400 soldiers (US)
- No support from Cuban citizens
- Effects
- Humiliation for US
- looks like Americans were restoring influence
- USSR showed that Cubans were happy under Communist Regime
- little support from citizens
- Stronger relations (USSR + Cuba)
- US under direct threat
- Humiliation for US
- Causes
- Cuban Revolution
- Consequences
- June 1963 - Hotline between USSR and USA
- Direct Communication
- August 1963 - Test Ban Treaty signed
- GB, USA + USSR
- 1967 - Outer Space Treaty
- Prevents nukes in orbit
- 1968 - Nuclear Non-Proliferation
- Stops spread of Nukes
- June 1963 - Hotline between USSR and USA
- 14 October 1962 - America U2 plane took pics of launch pads (MRBM)
- fleet of Soviet Ships seen
- Reasons for missiles
- NATO had missiles in Turkey
- Khrushchev under threat
- Berlin Wall was a failure for Khrushchev
- needed to outwit Kennedy
- Feared American attack
- if Kennedy overthrew Castro, it would be a failure for Communism
- NATO had missiles in Turkey
- Kennedy's Options
- Invade Cuba
- Bomb missile sites in Cuba
- Sink Soviet Ships
- Missiles in Cuba danger to pride
- Democratic Party will fail unless something is done
- Khrushchev thinks he can "play" with Kennedy
- 13 Days, 16-28 October
- 16 Oct - ExComm discusses how USA should react
- met everyday under threat of nuclear war
- 22 Oct - decided not to attack
- Naval Blockade
- 54 bombers w/ 4 nuclear warheads
- 24 Oct - Soviet ships turned around
- 26 Oct - Telegram form Khrushchev
- USSR would remove missiles from Cuba if Americans wouldn't invade
- Kennedy agreed + Khrushchev sent agreement on 28 Oct
- 27 Oct - USSR would remove missiles if USA removed missiles from Turkey
- U2 Plane shot down above Cuba
- USSR would remove missiles from Cuba if Americans wouldn't invade
- Naval Blockade
- 16 Oct - ExComm discusses how USA should react
- Causes
- Robert Kennedy + USSR ambassdor removed missiles from Turkey secretly
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