nucleic acids

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  • 1B. Nucleic acids
    • DNA
      • Deoxyribonucleic Acid
      • Adenine & Thymine (2 H-bonds)
      • stores the genetic information
      • made of two polynucleotides - double helix
      • Cytosine & Guanine (3 H-bonds)
    • RNA
      • Made up of nucleotides
        • pentose sugar, organic base, phosphate group
        • DNA
          • Deoxyribonucleic Acid
          • Adenine & Thymine (2 H-bonds)
          • stores the genetic information
          • made of two polynucleotides - double helix
          • Cytosine & Guanine (3 H-bonds)
        • Join together to form polynucleotides
          • phosphodiester bonds
          • condensation reaction
      • Ribonucleic acid
      • Cytosine & Guanine (3 H-bonds)
      • Adenine & Uracil (2 H-bonds)
      • single polynucleotide chain, much shorter than DNA
    • Water
      • vital to living organisms
        • high latent heat of vaporisation
        • high specific heat capacity
      • strong cohesion between water molecules
      • can buffer to resist changes in temp
    • DNA Semi-conservative Replication
      • 1. DNA helicase breaks down the H-bonds, unwinds the DNA
      • 2. The 2 original strands then act as a template for free-floating nucleotides to pair with
      • 3. condensation reactions join the nucleotides together, catalysed by DNA polymerase
        • DNA Polymerase moves in opposites ways along the antiparallel strands as it is complementary to the 3' and 5' end
      • 4. the new DNA has an original and new strand
      • Meselson & Stahl
    • Inorganic Ions
      • an atom with an electric charge
      • Iron ions are important for haemoglobin
      • Hydrogen ions (H+) determine pH
      • Sodium ions (Na+) help transport glucose and aa's across membranes
      • Phosphate ions are an essential component of ATP and DNA
    • ATP
      • the immediate source of energy in a cell
      • made by ATP  synthesis
      • used in respiration
      • made of base Adenine, a ribose sugar and 3 phosphate
      • used by hydrolysing ATP to release the energy and form ADP + Pi

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