1960 America - Civil Rights for African Americans
- Created by: Noah_S
- Created on: 11-11-19 19:57
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- 1960 America: Civil Rights
- Active Protests
- Freedom Rides (Early 1960s)
- Cause
- CORE & SNCC wanted to test integration on buses in S.States
- Buses integrated due to Montgomery Bus Boycott
- Events
- First 'freedom' buses sent off into southern states
- Civil Rights campaigners sat in 'whites only' section of buses
- Consequence
- First two buses stopped and attacked at several stops
- Met with angry mobs within S.States, including policemen
- Proves that buses in S.States had not integrated fully
- Cause
- Sit Ins (1960 - 1961)
- Cause
- Segregated parts of cafes + restaurant
- AA Students (+ Whites sometimes) wanted integration
- Formed SNCC (Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee)
- Events
- 70,000 protesters took part
- Location: Greensboro, North Carolina
- AA Students would sit in 'whites only' section and refuse to leave
- Consequence
- Reactions were negative (Told to leave, Violence, Arrests)
- Brought national attention to Sit Ins
- Students becoming active protesters for Civil Rights
- Cause
- 'Black Power'
- Events
- 1968 Olympics - 2 A.A Athletes did Black Power salute
- Black Panther Party became more popular - leading to violent protests
- Malcolm X became a key figure of 'Black Power'
- Cause
- Some campaigners felt that change was not happening quickly
- Disagreed with MLK's approach
- Some didn't want integration but a separate state for A.A
- Consequence
- Olympic salute led to athletes being suspended
- Mainly young people were interested - but became disinterested later
- Malcolm X later changed his views - and was shot by The Nation of Islam after leaving it
- Events
- Freedom Rides (Early 1960s)
- Peaceful Protests
- Birmingham March
- Events
- Police attacked protesters with dogs, water cannons & tear-gas
- Arresting of hundreds of protests, including 900 children
- JFK sending in troops to restore order
- Consequence
- Protesters were injured
- People disagreeing with MLK as protesters did not fight back
- JFK ordering Birmingham to end segregation
- Cause
- MLK organised march in Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham one of the most segregated cities in US
- Police Chief - Eugene Connor
- Events
- Montgomery Bus Boycott
- Events
- News of her arrest spread fast & Black community leaders agreed to boycott on city buses
- Lasted several months & A.A provided 75% of income for buses
- Some protesters received threatening calls & house vandalise
- News of her arrest spread fast & Black community leaders agreed to boycott on city buses
- Cause
- Many buses were segregated in S.States
- Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white & was arrested
- Rosa Parks was the secretary of the local NAACP
- Consequence
- MLK told the community to remain peaceful
- Almost a year after, the Supreme Court ruled segregation on buses were illegal
- Events
- Washington DC March
- Events
- 250,000 demonstrators arrived at Washington
- March was on National Television
- Famous "I have a dream" speech aimed to unite all Americans
- Cause
- Aim to force JFK to pass Civil Rights Bill
- MLK saw that if there wasn't a march then there would be violent protests
- Consequence
- Raised profile of Civil Rights Movement + gained Presidential support
- Showed Blacks & Whites working together - 80,000 demonstrators were Whites
- Led Civil Rights Act + Voting Rights Act to be passed
- Young Blacks wanted more direct action + 'Black Power'
- Events
- Birmingham March
- Active Protests
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