1948-1949 Arab-Israeli War and Consequences
- Created by: joe_beck0
- Created on: 04-04-17 16:55
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- The Problems of the Partition
- Boarders of the Jewish state had no consideration of security
- The British lacked strength or will to ensure the partition worked
- Neither Jew nor Arab could be satisfied by this partition
- 1948-49 Arab-Israeli War and Consequences
- Causes of the 1948-49 War
- Zionists led by first Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion determined to establish the state they had dreamed of
- Zionists' Plan Dalet was driving out many Arabs though many were leaving as Arab leaders promised to purge the Jews from their areas. Dier Yassin massacre of Arabs created fear
- Events of 1948-49 War
- USA and USSR both recognised the new state of Israel
- Iraq, Egypt, Jordan, Saudi-Arabi and Syria attacked on the 14 May
- Great Britain sold weapons to Iraqis and Egyptians but USA would not help Israel
- Arabs were badly trained and were poorly led
- Jews had 60,000 Haganah forces - very well led by Ben-Gurion, Moshe Dayan and Yigael Yadin
- October 1948 - war went on and Israelis took all of Galilee. Pushed Egyptians into the Sinai desert and Palestinian Arabs into Gaza *****
- Why did the Israelis win?
- Israel fighting for its survival - defeat would end the Zionist dream
- Israel unified command and had excellent battlefield commanders (Dayan)
- Ben Gurion and Abba Eden were effective political leaders
- Israelis showed great skill and initiative e.g turned jeeps into heavily armoured strike vehicles and welded plates to lorries to make armoured cars
- Arab leaders cause confusion by encouraging Arab populations to flee which made it easier for Israelis to take land
- Effects of War on Israel
- Won more than the partition had granted
- The world admired Israel victory against the odds
- Israel won Galilee and the Negev desert, but lost all of Jerusalem
- Lost 6000 soldiers and civilians
- 1948-1973 - under THE LAW OF RETURN, 2.5 million Jews came to Israel from all over the world, especially Europe, USA and Arab countries (which often prosecuted them)
- USA sent millions of dollars and Germany paid compensation for Holocaust
- Land of Arab absentees were confiscated and KIBBUTZES were created - communal farms youth went to work on them.
- Many in USA (Jewish Lobby) and Cold War strategist saw Israel as US ally in a region where USSR was seeking influence
- Effect of War on Palestine
- War Known as 'the catastrophe' 700,000 fled to Arab lands ( Lebanon, Syria and Transjordan)
- Gaza ***** was seized by Egypt in 1948, West Bank annexed by Transjordan in 1950
- Arab states humiliated which lead to coups in Egypt, Syria, Jordan and Iraq
- In Egypt, General Nasser had emerged by 1954 and in 1951
- Tensions of new state Israel would not be going dwon
- Causes of the 1948-49 War
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