1933-39 Jews
- Created by: OliviaWalker1098
- Created on: 13-12-15 15:43
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- 1933-39
- legal discrimination
- Many Nazis wanted to take immediate measures against Jewish people and their businesses.
- one day national boycott was organised for 1st April 1933
- Jewish owned shios, cafes and businesses were picketed by the SA, stood out outside urging people to not entre.
- this boycott was not universally accepted by the German people and it caused a kit if bad publicity abroad.
- once Nazi regime established the legal basis for its dictatorship, it was legally possible to initiate an anti-Jewish policy.
- most significantly by creation of Nuremberg laws in September 1935.
- 7th April 1933 - Jews excluded from the governments civil service.
- 15th September 1935 - Jews lost citizenship in Germany
- discrimination against Jews got worse as the ongoing range of laws was introduced.
- all the rights of Jews were gradually removed even before the onset of war.
- most significantly by creation of Nuremberg laws in September 1935.
- Propaganda
- Goebbels was a particularly committed anti-Semite
- he used his skills as the minister of propaganda and popular enlightenment to indoctrinate the German people
- all aspects of culture associated with Jews were censored.
- full range of propaganda methods used to advance the anti-Semitic message.
- Posters
- Newspaper e.g. Der Angriff
- Cinema e.g. the eternal jew
- particular aspect of anti-Semitic indoctrination was emphasis placeed on influencing the German Youth
- message obviously put across by Hitler Youth
- Schools conformed to new revised textbooks and teaching materials.
- forced emigration
- start of Nazi dictatorship a number of Jews has decided to leave Germany voluntarily
- Jews with influence high reputation or sufficient wealth could find means to leave
- most popular destination were Palestine, Britain and the USA.
- 1938 new dimension to anti semitism developed.
- events in Austria 1938 - Central office for Jewish Emigration was established in Vienna, overseen by Adolf Eichmann.
- Jewish property was confiscated to finance the emigration of poor Jews.
- within six months, Eichmann forced the emigration of 45.000 Jews
- such success that january 1939 Goring prompted to create Reich Central Office for Jewish Emigration ran by Heydrich and Eichmann.
- Terror and violance
- in early years of regime, the SA radical left wing of the Nazis, took advantage of power at local level to use violence against the Jews.
- however after night of long knives June 1934, anti-Semitic violence became more sporadic for two provable reasons.
- in 1936 there was distinct decline in anti-Semitic campaign because of Berlin Olympics and need to avoid international alienation
- conservative force still had restraining influence. Schacht had continued to express worries about implications of anti-Semitic action for economy.
- events of 1938, were on different scale.
- union with Austria in March 1938, resulted in thousands of attacks on 200,000 Jews of Vienna
- 9-10 November 1938 sudden violent pogrom against Jews known as night of crystal glass (kristallnacht) started in Berlin and spread throughout German with dramatic effects.
- destruction of numerous Jewish homes, 100 deaths attacks on 10,000 Jewish shops and businesses, and burning down of 200 synagogues and the deportation of 20,000 to concentration camps.
- excuse for this was assassination of Ernst Von Rath, German diplomat in Paris by Herschel Grunspan, a Jew on 7th November
- legal discrimination
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