1905 revolution
- Created by: AliceEGray
- Created on: 21-03-15 14:23
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- 1905 Revolution
- causes
- short term
- bloody sunday
- 150,000 workers - peaceful demonstration outside the winter palace to present a petition to the Tsar
- wanted: end to russo-japanese war, expanded suffrage,higher pay, lower working hours and an end to forced overtime
- tsar was not in the palace but troops dispersed the demo and killed 1000's
- Russo-Japanese war
- aimed at expanding into the far east which caused direct conflict with Japan
- although Russians saw themselves as superior in military power, they suffered a humiliating defeat
- surrendered their port Arthur naval base
- national humiliation and unrest towards the government
- battle of Tsushima - they lost 25/35 warships
- undermined the support of the Tsar
- bloody sunday
- long term
- social and economic
- 80% of population were peasants and in poverty
- population grew and harvests were failing = famine
- slums in cities and towns due to rapid population growth
- political
- still in autocracy
- no elected national parliament - only elected bodied zemstva
- demand for political reform was growing
- extreme groups
- social and economic
- short term
- how the revolution developed
- strikes
- 400,000 workers went on strike in response to bloody sunday
- general strikes ordered by soviets were very successful
- railways were crucial to put down unrest away from the cities but railway workers were on strike aswell
- peasant uprisings
- poor harvests
- high taxes
- peasants rose to rebel
- mutinies
- some army and naval units
- eg: Potemkin crew, killed some of their officers and took control of the ship, they bombarded the black sea port of Odessa before sailing to neutral Romania
- was not widespread but it did receive some publicity - helped undermine the Tsar's authority
- st Petersburg soviet
- assembly of workers who were elected as representatives - 400 members
- published demands for reforms and organised strikes
- troops arrested st Petersburg soviet leaders
- although closed its existence showed workers were capable of organising themselves and challenging the government in a co-ordinated way
- armed uprisings
- strikes turned violent
- general strike in Moscow became an armed uprising
- 1000's died
- city in ruins
- revolutionaries surrendered and the revolution was over
- strikes
- governments reaction
- October manifesto
- promised reforms
- creation of a new elected national parliament
- freedom of speech/ civil rights/ religion
- process whereby the tsar regained control
- October manifesto
- why the revolution ended?
- splitting the opposition
- October manifesto split the opposition
- lack of unity among revolutionaries
- lack of central coordination, spontaneity meant armed forces and police could supress out breaks. also fought between themselves as fought for different aims
- loyalty of the armed forces
- put down riots, executions, exiles, stayed loyal to the tsar, supported formation of the new political parties
- counter revolution groups helped gov regain control by executing reformers
- fundamental law 1906
- constitution of Russian empire, new parliament created, with lower house (dumas)
- upper house - partly elected partly nominated by the tsar
- gave the tsar the right to govern by decree, ignoring parliament and could still choose his own government
- the dumas ....
- splitting the opposition
- causes
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