1848 Public Health Act
- Created by: maelysmay
- Created on: 14-05-16 15:06
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- 1848 Public Health Act
- Factors
- Cholera outbreaks
- 1832 and 1849 in London, Liverpool and other industrial cities
- Led to lots of deaths of workers
- Chadwick's Report in 1842
- Brought together evidence from doctors - scientific basis for report
- Wide breadth of evidence and a bestseller
- Chadwick aware of the cost of illness on the poor rate
- If wage earner became ill, poor relief could be claimed so it was in interest to avoid this
- Called for clean water supplies, better drainage, cheaper, better ventilation, earthenware pipes with water flowing through to flush out sewage
- Recognised findings may upset ratepayers
- Brought about reports such as 1843 Burials Report, 1844 Buccleuch report
- Led people to consider the effects of industrialisation and population growth
- Brought together evidence from doctors - scientific basis for report
- Poor living conditions
- Lived in back-to-back houses
- Many living in one house - disease spread
- Medical care not affordable
- Water supplies unsanitary
- Lack of understanding about the spread of germs
- Other condition reforms
- Factory Acts of 1833, 1847 etc improved working conditions
- Pressure from 10 hour movement - "Yorkshire Slavery"
- Municipal Corporations Act of 1835 put in place elected bodies to take over local utilities (water, sewage etc) if they wanted.
- Attitude for reform of conditions
- Factory Acts of 1833, 1847 etc improved working conditions
- Increased public agitation
- Campaigns by the Health of Towns Association following cholera outbreaks
- Fear of revolution from 1789
- 1845 Friedrich Engels' report "The Condition of the Working Class in England"
- Closer to the time of the 1848 act's passage
- Englels had lived in Manchester and experienced difficult conditions
- Cholera outbreaks
- Provisions
- Strengths
- Central board of health established
- Corporate boroughs took responsibility for drainage, water supplies etc
- Non-corporate towns could set up local boards of health
- Finance for improvements to be taken from rates
- Local health boards had to be set up where the death rate was above 23 in 1000
- Weaknesses
- London, Sootland and Ireland excluded from the act
- 1854: Central board reduced to only 3 members with only advisory powers
- Central board had few powers compared to local boards, removing the centralisation in public health
- Central board had no money
- Responsibility still optional and met with resistance
- Public health not made a ministerial responsibility
- Strengths
- Factors
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