1848-9 Revolutions
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- Created on: 09-06-19 11:51
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- 1848-9 Revolutions
- Origins
- Austrian Garrison strengtehned bringing discontent thorughout Utaly
- Diccontent wordsened by economic difficulty,
- 90% worked on land, almost whole economy based on agriculture, harvests had filaed in 1846 and 1847 - high prices but wages didnt rise
- Peasants couldn't afford to feed families
- 90% worked on land, almost whole economy based on agriculture, harvests had filaed in 1846 and 1847 - high prices but wages didnt rise
- Diccontent wordsened by economic difficulty,
- Liberals wanted constituiont, government reform and politicla freedom and natoinalists demanded independece from austria and some measures of Italian unity
- REvolutions in Frane and Vienna inspired revoltuioany feelinf in Utaly
- Austrian Garrison strengtehned bringing discontent thorughout Utaly
- Sicily
- Cause
- King Ferdinand of Naples promised reform but reform gave way to repression
- an outbreak of cholera left Sciilans in desperate state
- Action
- Posters went up in Palermo calling fro recolution with weapons being handed to those who turned up at the public square at dawn 3 day s later
- Arms handed out and clashes with gov. troops - peasants fro outside the city also came to help
- Neapolitan army shelled the city and were reinforced by 5000 men
- Reinforcements arrived to find revolutionaries had taken over teh city demanding a constituion like teh spanish 1812 - one that had been granted to Naples but removed in 1816
- Compromise offered but refused - revolutionaries had taken over msot of the land
- Reinforcements arrived to find revolutionaries had taken over teh city demanding a constituion like teh spanish 1812 - one that had been granted to Naples but removed in 1816
- Neapolitan army shelled the city and were reinforced by 5000 men
- Outcome
- Provisional gov. set up with help of m/c moderates who were becoming anxious about the peasants next actions
- Civic guard set up to control the masses who were marching on towns and villages and a parliament was eleceted
- Sicily and Naples were decidedly divided - seperatist movement
- Cause
- Naples
- news of palermo revoltuions spread to Naples
- huge demonstration demanded constitution
- The King onnly agreed to two chamber parliment with limited powers, he also agreed to national guard and freeing of press from censorship
- Peasant grievances over right to use common land led to more gighting
- Ferdinand's troops were successfiul this time and by September troops were sent to reclaim Scily
- Sicily
- Cause
- King Ferdinand of Naples promised reform but reform gave way to repression
- an outbreak of cholera left Sciilans in desperate state
- Action
- Posters went up in Palermo calling fro recolution with weapons being handed to those who turned up at the public square at dawn 3 day s later
- Arms handed out and clashes with gov. troops - peasants fro outside the city also came to help
- Neapolitan army shelled the city and were reinforced by 5000 men
- Reinforcements arrived to find revolutionaries had taken over teh city demanding a constituion like teh spanish 1812 - one that had been granted to Naples but removed in 1816
- Compromise offered but refused - revolutionaries had taken over msot of the land
- Reinforcements arrived to find revolutionaries had taken over teh city demanding a constituion like teh spanish 1812 - one that had been granted to Naples but removed in 1816
- Neapolitan army shelled the city and were reinforced by 5000 men
- Outcome
- Provisional gov. set up with help of m/c moderates who were becoming anxious about the peasants next actions
- Civic guard set up to control the masses who were marching on towns and villages and a parliament was eleceted
- Sicily and Naples were decidedly divided - seperatist movement
- Cause
- Bombardment of local towns gained Ferdinand nickname 'King Bomba'
- Sicily forced to reuinify with Napes and teh king replaced parliament with absoluate rule and a polic state
- Sicily
- Ferdinand's troops were successfiul this time and by September troops were sent to reclaim Scily
- news of palermo revoltuions spread to Naples
- Piedmont
- Promised to grant a constituion
- Charles Albert agreed to help Lombardy and declards war on Austria
- Defeated Austrias May 1848
- Charles Albert defeated by General Radetzsky at custoza
- Armistace signed and Piedmont withdrew from Lombardy
- Despite losing Custoza and Lombardy's support he re-entered war at novara and lost again
- HE abdicated and his son VE II took over
- The Pope
- Pope promised to gratn papal states a constiution
- Pope's army commander disobeyed orders and joined fight with Piedmont
- Piedmont
- Promised to grant a constituion
- Charles Albert agreed to help Lombardy and declards war on Austria
- Defeated Austrias May 1848
- Charles Albert defeated by General Radetzsky at custoza
- Armistace signed and Piedmont withdrew from Lombardy
- Despite losing Custoza and Lombardy's support he re-entered war at novara and lost again
- HE abdicated and his son VE II took over
- Piedmont
- did not want war with Austria
- Issued Papal Allocution - urged people not to go to war with Austria, he rejected any future plans for unifications and refused to head a federation - church turned to reactionary absolutism
- Casued issues as catholic liberals couldn't decide to follow religion or politicasl
- Casued issues as catholic liberals couldn't decide to follow religion or politicasl
- Fled after chief minister was murdered
- The government he left behind anounced series of reforms - abolished tax on grinding corn, provided public building work for unempoloyed and porposed holding of constituent
- Garribaldi was presnet at constituente meeting
- 4 days after the first meeting he declared an end to temporal power and the Roman Republic was declared
- Mazzini's Roman Republic
- Mazzini elected head of triumviarte
- did most of the work and made most of the decisions
- Mazzini government in fair, tolerant and enlightened way
- Abolished death penalty, taxation reformed to aid poor, clerical monoply on education ended, more newspapers, catholicism officail relgion of republic
- He urged Piemont and venice to work together to defeat Austrian rule
- Mazzini government in fair, tolerant and enlightened way
- did most of the work and made most of the decisions
- only 100 days in charge
- Unemloument rose, enemies spread rumbers that MAzz was cruel and bruning people alive
- Many Roman's took inspiraiton from this period for future unificaiton
- June 1849 the republic fell due to Frnech troops
- Mazzini elected head of triumviarte
- Mazzini's Roman Republic
- 4 days after the first meeting he declared an end to temporal power and the Roman Republic was declared
- Garribaldi was presnet at constituente meeting
- The government he left behind anounced series of reforms - abolished tax on grinding corn, provided public building work for unempoloyed and porposed holding of constituent
- appealed to France, spain and Naples to save Rome from republic
- 4 days after the first meeting he declared an end to temporal power and the Roman Republic was declared
- Mazzini's Roman Republic
- Mazzini elected head of triumviarte
- did most of the work and made most of the decisions
- Mazzini government in fair, tolerant and enlightened way
- Abolished death penalty, taxation reformed to aid poor, clerical monoply on education ended, more newspapers, catholicism officail relgion of republic
- He urged Piemont and venice to work together to defeat Austrian rule
- Mazzini government in fair, tolerant and enlightened way
- did most of the work and made most of the decisions
- only 100 days in charge
- Unemloument rose, enemies spread rumbers that MAzz was cruel and bruning people alive
- Many Roman's took inspiraiton from this period for future unificaiton
- June 1849 the republic fell due to Frnech troops
- Mazzini elected head of triumviarte
- Mazzini's Roman Republic
- army of 20,000 French sent to destory repiblic
- Pope returned and ruled with repression and corruption
- Although this seemed better than the hardship the French troops had casued
- 4 days after the first meeting he declared an end to temporal power and the Roman Republic was declared
- Venice
- The Venetian repiic fell against a siege by the austrian Navy
- Sever outnreak of Cholera added to misery
- They were driven by huunger and disease to surreneder to the austrian army and then Manin was forced to exile
- Repiblic created under Daniele manin
- Small scale revolt made austrinas surrender
- Tuscany
- The Grand Duke granted a constitution at the beginning of 1848
- After the news of the dismissal og Metternich, the gov. sent a small army to fight the Austrians
- Workers became agitated about work, pay and conditions - during the constitution
- M/C radicak extremists began to preach about republicanism
- In 1849 the Grand Duke left and went to Naples
- a revolutionary Prov. Gov. was set up in Tuscany and they decided tehy were going to create a republic
- Austria crushed the revolution and restord the Duke
- a revolutionary Prov. Gov. was set up in Tuscany and they decided tehy were going to create a republic
- Modena and Parma
- Leaders who fled revolution reinstated by Austria
- Lombardy
- Tobacco Boycott - people believed that Austrian finances would be severely effected by this
- Austrian solders smokin gon public attacjed - small scale fights turned to larger riots
- Full scale revolution known as the 'five days'
- Radetsky decided to withdraw from the city - revolution had broken out Vienna
- Metternich resigned
- Radetsky decided to withdraw from the city - revolution had broken out Vienna
- prov. gov. prepared to continue fight asking for help from Piedmont
- Tobacco Boycott - people believed that Austrian finances would be severely effected by this
- Origins
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