1750 - 1800

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  • Created by: Lor3nzo8
  • Created on: 30-01-17 14:16
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  • 1750 - 1800
    • Who was the monarch?
      • George II = 1727-1760
      • George III = 1760 - 1820
    • What were the social issues of the time?
      • The Seven Year's War - England then embarked upon the Seven Years War with France (1755-63).
        • England was victorious just about everywhere, gaining territory in Canada, Florida, Grenada, Senegal, and in America east of the Mississippi.
      • 1760 - Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. Intensified class divisions and the emergence of rival political parties like the Whigs and Tories
        • The social, economic and political changes in the previous centuries in Great Britain contributed.
          • Whereas absolutism stayed the normal form of power execution through most parts of Europe, institutions ensured property rights and political safety to the people in the UK after the Glorious Revolution of 1688.
      • Entrepreneurial spirit and consumer revolution drove industrialisation in Britain, which would be emulated in countries around the world.
      • A change in marrying patterns to getting married later made people able to accumulate more human capital during their youth, thereby encouraging economic development.
      • Evangelical religion and social reform
        • The evangelical movement inside and outside the Church of England gained strength in the late 18th and early 19th century. It challenged traditional religious sensibility that emphasized a code of honor for the upper-class, and suitable behaviour for everyone else.
        • John Wesley (1703 – 1791) and his followers preached revivalist religion, trying to convert individuals to a personal relationship with Christ through Bible reading, regular prayer, and especially the revival experience. The nonconformist churches, however, were less influenced by revivalism.
        • The Church of England remained dominant, but it had a growing evangelical, revivalist faction the "Low Church". It reached the upper class through the Clapham Sect.
          • It did not seek political reform, but rather the opportunity to save souls through political action by freeing slaves, abolishing the duel, prohibiting cruelty to children and animals, stopping gambling, avoiding frivolity on the Sabbath; they read the Bible every day.
            • All souls were equal in God's view, but not all bodies, so evangelicals did not challenge the hierarchical structure of English society.
    • What was the state of education?
      • 1775: Industrial revolution.
        • Demand for mass education
      • 1780: Sunday schools opened for working children. Initially 7-11 year old boys. Because of child labour they could not attend charity schools.
      • Most schools at this time focused on grammar instruction, which that time centred on the instruction of Latin and Greek. Therefore many schools taught Latin and Greek to the exclusion of other subjects.
      • The 18th century was the society for promoting Christian Knowledge.
      • Many charity schools were founded for poor students ages 7-11. Modern concept of primary and secondary education has grown from this. It was also an early provider of teacher education.
    • What was happening in terms of world travel?
    • What about economy and trade?
      • Mercantilism was the basic policy imposed by Britain on its colonies.Mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires.
        • The government protected its merchants—and kept others out—by trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries in order to maximise exports from and minimise imports to the realm.
      • The goal of mercantilism was to run trade surpluses, so that gold and silver would pour into London. The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in Britain.
      • The government spent much of its revenue on a large and powerful Royal Navy, which not only protected the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires, and sometimes seized them.
        • The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country.
    • What were the political concerns?

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