Adolescence
- Created by: Cem
- Created on: 25-03-14 10:01
View mindmap
- 1302 - Adolescence
- What is adolescence?
- Period of transition between childhood and life as an adult.
- Marked by increased independence from parents.
- Universal features including cultural and historical variations.
- Adolescence & Middle Ages
- Historian Philippe Aries argued that adolescence was a modern intervention.
- Considered during this era that, "children were mixed with adults as soon as they were considered capable of doing without their mothers or nannies" (Smith, 2011: 411).
- Thought of as a difficult period.
- Strongly over-emphasised by writers of the 20th century.
- "the identity crisis of adolescence".
- "storm and stress".
- "the turmoil"
- Development through middle school and high school
- Physical Development
- Puberty.
- Maturity
- Cognitive Development
- The brain and its functions also change.
- Some researchers refer to an "intellectual growth spurt" at this age.
- Intelligence test scores fluctuate during the period from 12 to 15 years of age.
- Paiget's theory of cognitive development.
- Adolescence is the stage of transition from the use of concrete operations to the application for formal operations in reasoning.
- Adolescence begins to be aware of the limitations of their thinking.
- Inhelder and Piaget (1958) acknowledge that brain changes at puberty may be necessary for cognitive advances of adolescence.
- Assert that experience with complex problems, the demands of formal instruction, and exchange and contradiction of ideas with peers are also necessary for formal operational reasoning to develop.
- Adults who have reached this stage have attained an adult level of reasoning.
- Adolescents cognitive development is characterised more by steady growth in understanding and capabilities.
- Socio-emotional Development
- During adolescence children undergo significant changes in their social and emotional lives
- Children in secondary schools seek to be more grown up.
- They want their parents to treat them differently.
- Link to educational setting and student-teacher relationships.
- They want their parents to treat them differently.
- Children in secondary schools seek to be more grown up.
- Identity Development
- James Marcia's Four Identity Statuses
- Social Relationships
- During adolescence, changes in the nature of friendships also take place
- Emotional Development
- Emotional distress
- Emotions of this age group include anger, guilt, frustration, and jealousy.
- Link to behavior and different types.
- Emotions of this age group include anger, guilt, frustration, and jealousy.
- Emotional distress
- During adolescence children undergo significant changes in their social and emotional lives
- Problems of Adolescence
- Bullying
- Dropping out
- Physical Development
- ESSAY FOCUS: With reference to theory and research, discuss the ways in which education for older students differs from education of children and why this may be.
- Parenting Styles & Adolescence
- Baumind's (1971) seminal work on the classification of parenting styles has been essential in influencing research on parenting and its effects on children and adolescence.
- Authoritative parenting encourage adolescents to be independent while maintaining limits and controls on their actions.
- Authoritatian parents do not engage in discussions with their teens and family rules and standards are not debated
- Adolescents may become rebellious or depdent
- Permissive parenting sees adolescents making important decisions without family input - results in few boundaries and rules.
- Baumind's (1971) seminal work on the classification of parenting styles has been essential in influencing research on parenting and its effects on children and adolescence.
- Educational achievement & Adolescence
- Ethnic minority status
- Minority adolescence have higher dropout rates.
- Single-parent and stepparents families
- Adolescents in single-parent and stepfamily households have lower grades than those in two-parent households.
- Low parental aspirations and expectations
- High aspirations may be important for adolescents from low socio-economic backgrounds. Parents who have high aspirations may provide a strong influence that enables children to overcome other disadvantages.
- Ethnic minority status
- What is adolescence?
Comments
No comments have yet been made