11.05 Measuring genetic biodiversity
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- Created on: 16-05-20 13:51
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- 11.05 genetic biodiversity
- Factors that affect genetic biodiversity
- Mutations
- Mutations of the DNA can create new alleles.
- Interbreeding
- Alleles are transferred between two populations. 'Gene flow'
- Selective and captive breeding
- artificial selection where only a few members of a population with advantageous characteristics are bread. eg- pedigree dogs.
- Only a small number of captive individuals bread, small gene pool.
- Natural selection
- species will evolve to contain the alleles from the advantaged characteristic.Other characteristics may be lost
- Genetic bottleneck
- only a few members of a population survive an event or change. This reduces the gene pool. Only the alleles of surviving population available.
- Genetic drift
- Due to the chance of certain alleles being passed down to offspring. This means some can be erased altogether from a population.
- Founder effect
- Small number of individuals create a new colony, isolated from the original, eg overseas. Gene pool small.
- Mutations
- Measuring genetic biodiversity
- Measuring polymorphism
- Polymorphic genes have more than one allele. Eg- blood type (immunoglob-ulin gene)
- Monomorphic genes- one allele
- proportion of polymorphic gene loci= number of polymorphic gene loci / total number of loci.
- Locus (plural loci) of a gene refers to position of the gene on the chromosome.
- The greater the proportion of polymorphic genes the greater the genetic biodiversity.
- Measuring polymorphism
- Factors that affect genetic biodiversity
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