11. The Presidencies of Ford and Carter (as well as 1969-1992) for Native American civil rights
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 06-06-17 14:14
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- 11. The Presidencies of Ford and Carter (as well as 1969-1992) for Native American civil rights
- Policy of support for NAs continued during Ford's presidency after Nixon's resignation
- Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975
- Set out process by which tribes could take responsibility for own education, health and social service provision
- Federal funding was provided for these programmes and this was therefore a further move towards self-sufficiency
- Indian Education Assistance Act of 1975
- Allowed NAs to have much greater involvement in children's educational process
- Advancement continued under Ford's successor, with passing of two more important Acts
- Native American Religious Freedom Act of 1978
- Gave NAs right to follow their traditional religion
- Use both sacred objects and rituals
- Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978
- Attempted to regulate forced removal of NA children from families
- Social workers throughout 20th century had often viewed NA practices as neglect and therefore still be taking children away
- Native American Religious Freedom Act of 1978
- Some decline in position of NAs as economic situation worsened at end of period
- By 1992 policy of assimilation had been abandoned and had been replaced by self-determination, supported by funding from federal government
- Changes in period from 1970 to 1978 suggest that this was time of greatest support from US presidents for Native Americans, and therefore this period saw greatest improvement in position of NAs
- This would suggest attitude of presidents to NAs was crucial in development of their rights
- Changes also prompted one historian to argue Nixon had 'probably done more for them, in a short space of time, than any other presidents'
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