10. The Presidency of Nixon for Native American Civil Rights

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  • Created by: Alasdair
  • Created on: 06-06-17 13:47
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  • 10. The Presidency of Nixon for Native American Civil Rights
    • Already some signs prior
    • Change encouraged by realisation conditions and opportunities worst of any group in USA
    • Johnson talked of 'forgotten Americans' to Congress
      • Set out programme of self-help and respect
      • Greater changes occurred under Nixon and Ford
    • Largely because Nixon's view of how NAs had been treated, but partly due to ideas Johnson had expressed
    • July 1970, Nixon in his message to Congress criticised treatment of NAs:
      • 'American Indians have been oppressed and brutalised, deprived of their ancestral lands and denied the opportunity ton control their own destiny'
    • In particular, Nixon attacked federal programmes designed to help them, but which had been dominated by white officials
    • Nixon attacked policy of termination, which had failed to improve their lives and, as a result, ended many lives instead
    • Nixon introduced programme of reform
      • Educational provision for NAs
        • Improved through 1972 Indian Education Act
          • Increased amount of money available for NA schools, even on reservations
          • Policy continued by future presidents
      • Some NA nations which lost status, regained recognition and rights
      • Some Nations, which lost their status. regained recognition and rights
        • Allowed them access to courts where they could seek redress for loss of rights
      • Pledge to restore lost lands was put into practice with return of lands to Makah, Taos Pueblo and Yakama Indians.
      • NA, Louis R. Bruce Jr.,was appointed Commissioner for Indian Affairs and policy of affirmative action was pursued in appointments in Bureau of Indian Affairs
    • Although progress in regaining tribal lands was slow because of number of vested interest groups who opposed it, a start had been made
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