10. The Breakdown of the Personal Rule of Charles I, c. 1629-1640
- Created by: Alasdair
- Created on: 27-05-19 18:22
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- 10. The Breakdown of the Personal Rule of Charles I, c. 1629-1640
- 1. Intro
- 1629 was final year Charles called Parliament
- 2. Accession of Charles I
- Accession was smooth
- No great issues of state associated with succession (unlike Elizabeth and James)
- No new settlement of church is thought to be needed, some 'godly' bishops in place
- 1625
- 3. Charles and his new advisors
- Changes in personnel:
- in both secular government and among his bishops
- Bishops
- Change from a spectrum of views, to increasingly those who are anti-puritan, ceremonialist, links with Laud
- At start of reign have wide breadth of view (Calvinists or puritan).
- In government, many of king's chief advisor are crypto-Catholics
- People at top of government change
- Charles I, less pragmatic than James I, more prone t see puritan conspiracy
- Changes in personnel:
- 4. A new regime - a new context
- James I had crypto-Catholics on his Privy Council and worked with them, but more in key positions under Charles
- Lord Portland (Lord Treasurer)
- Sir Francis Cottington
- Sir Francis Windebanke (the secretary of state)
- Influence of a new French, Catholic queen - Henrietta Maria
- who has own priests at court and her own private chapel in heart of capital
- visited by Catholic priests
- Charles I blamed her for conversions of some Protestant ministers to Catholicism
- Court seen as area close to King where Catholicism is tolerated
- James I had crypto-Catholics on his Privy Council and worked with them, but more in key positions under Charles
- 5. Rise of Laudianism
- More clergymen put in secular positions,
- e.g. Bishop William Juxon, becomes Lord Treasurer in 1636
- Archbishop Laud as chief councillor of king, more active in shaping secular policy as well
- Laud also becomes tainted by association with unpopular financial policies and the stress on the royal prerogative used to implement them (i.e. using ancient royal precedents).
- Use of courts such as Star Chamber (King and his councillors) to force through secular and religious policies
- Money running out, Charles has to use financial devices to bypass parliament
- More clergymen put in secular positions,
- 6. The Laudian programme
- Laudian policies stress:
- Uniformity in church practices
- Emphasis on positive value of ceremonies and importance of public worship
- recapturing the status and wealth that the church had lost at the Reformation (and strong defence of episcopacy)
- Controlling undue influence of lay people within the church
- Enforcement
- Laudian aims (and ideas) tended to be disseminated via action, not words
- New policies often introduced with little explanation of rationale behind them
- Walter (historian) argues there was a feeling that the enforcement was a strong intervention in local affairs
- Seen as intrusive and heavy-handed
- Use of royal prerogative courts to deal with opposition, rather than softer methods
- Partial attitude that people needed to do as they were told by crown and bishops
- demonstrates how there was a feeling lay people had gained to much authority
- Collections taken for upkeep of Cathedrals
- people feel they are being told what to do again
- Laudian policies stress:
- 1. Intro
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