Power and the People - Part 1
Mind map for everything you need to know about Power and the People - Part 1: Challenging authority and feudalism
- Created by: alexandralester
- Created on: 29-05-18 14:43
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- 1. Medieval Britain
- 2. Why were the Barons unhappy with King John?
- KEPT RAISING TAXES
- FAILURE AT WAR
- 1. Context
- Fuedal system in place
- King had all the power and the rest depended on him
- King granted land to followers in exchange for obligations
- The CHURCH owned land and received tax from the people - a tithe. They had prisons to put priests on trial or for those who did not pay the tithes
- When new king was crowned, a CHARTER OF LIBERTIES - a set of new laws - was usually released
- 3. The Origins of Parliament
- King Henry III vs his barons
- Always short of money
- Lost 2 major wars against France
- Relied on a few specific people (French foreigners), so other barons felt isolated
- Sheriff's in the counties favouring King, not being fair
- Grievances similar to before, barons accused him of not following MC
- Simon de Montfort
- Who was he?
- How did he contribute to the origins of parliament?
- He relied more and more on the Commons for support as his support from barons declined
- In January 1265, for the 1st time, Commons were represented in parliament
- Future King's felt the need to do the same, thus the House of Commons emerged
- Provisions of Oxford
- A list of demands made by the Parliament in Oxford
- 'Aliens' were removed from parliament
- The King had no choice but to accept
- Divisions appeared between the barons
- A list of demands made by the Parliament in Oxford
- King Henry III vs his barons
- Medieval revolt and royal authority
- PEASANT'S REVOLT, 1381
- What happened?
- Tax collectors went to Essex to collect unpaid Poll Taxes
- Villagers of Brentwood refused to pay and escaped to the forest
- Word of protest spread, and other villages began to do the same thing
- Armed men went to London
- There they targeted royal officials, wealthy churchmen and records of land ownership and debt
- Rebels entered the tower of London & beheaded the Treasurer & Archbishop of Canterbury
- King Richard II was presented with demands, such as removing corrupt officials
- The King promised to grant all the demands and sent the rebels home
- Then he sent the royal army to the villages and killed the rebels
- The King promised to grant all the demands and sent the rebels home
- Tax collectors went to Essex to collect unpaid Poll Taxes
- Why did this happen?
- Social causes
- Disputes between landlords and the peasants
- Food and rent prices went up, increasing class divide
- Throughout first half of the century, there were floods, droughts and famine
- THE BLACK DEATH, 1348-1349
- Caused death of 50% of the population
- Parliament passed Statute of Labourers, everyone under 60 needed to work and wages could be no higher than in 1347
- Rich needed to raise wages or lower rent if they wanted workers
- Economic causes
- The King needed money for wars... so he taxed the people
- Richard II (who was aged 11) introduced the 1st Poll Tax in 1377
- A 2nd Poll Tax in 1379 to pay for invasion of France
- 1/3 of taxpayers disappeared from tax list
- A 3rd Poll Tax was a weeks' wages for labourers
- Political causes
- Britain was continuing war with France and it was going badly
- Social causes
- What impact did this have?
- Struck fear into ruling class
- Landowners took action to prevent future rebellions, like freeing velleins
- The ideas of John Ball were picked up again later
- 600 years later in 1989, protesters of Poll Tax chose the same route as these rebels
- Who was significant?
- WAT TYLER
- A key leader of the Peasants' Revolt
- He was severely injured by Lord Mayor of London whilst making demands of the King in Smithfield
- King's bodyguard executed him immediately after
- JOHN BALL
- He was a priest in York, then Colchester
- Excommunicated & appeared before Archbishop of Canterbury several times.
- He was arrested in 1381
- There is not much evidence of his actual role
- He fled when the rebellion collapsed
- He was eventually captured and hung, drawn and quartered after a trial where he was found guilty.
- WAT TYLER
- What happened?
- PEASANT'S REVOLT, 1381
- 2. Why were the Barons unhappy with King John?
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