Life in Nazi Germany- Unit 2

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How did Hitler strengthen hi grip on power in Germany in 1933/34?
Hitler became Chancellor on 30th January 1933.
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How did he achieve this?
Fresh elections; Reichstag Fire; Law for the Protection of People and state; Enabling Act ; Banned trade unions+ political parties
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Why did he call for fresh elections?
To hope to secure a majority.
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What was the Reichstag?
The Reichstag was the German government buildings.
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When was the Fire?
27th February 1933.
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How did Hitler benifit?
Blamed the Communists.
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What was the Law of Protection of People and State?
it gave the government special powers and suspended some civil rights
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What is the Enabling Act?
The power to make laws without the Reichstag consent
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What did this mean for Weimar Germany?
The end
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What happend next?
The trade unions and opposing political parties were all banned.
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What had Hitler achieved by July 1933?
1) Consolidation of Power 2) Removed political opposition 3)Used legal methods throughout
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How did he continue in 1934?
The Knight of the Long Knives. 30th June.
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Why did this happen?
Hitler wanted the approval of the army. They didn't like the SA.
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Why was Hitler worried?
He was worried that Ernst Rohm (SA Leader) might seize power.
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What happend?
Rohm was eliminated. The SA Leaders were also killed along with opponents and 200 others
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What were the results?
The SA threat was eliminated. The Army now supported Hitler. The public supported Hitlers actions and the threats to his power were reduced.
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What did Hitler become?
Fuhrer
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When?
2nd August 1934
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what did the army do?
They pledged an oath to Hitler.
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What had Hitler now?
Control over Germany.
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How did Hitler control the German people?
Joseph Goebbles- Minister of Propaganda- used Simple messages.
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How did the Nazis control the Media?
1) Papers and Journalists had to be approved by Nazi's 2) Some Papers shut down when they printed stories against Nazi's 3) All radio stations were under Nazi Control 4) People encouraged to buy 'Reich Radios' 5) Loudspeakers in Public places
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What about the arts?
All films, theatre, music, books etc. were brought under Nazi control. and Books that were written by Jews were burnt.
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How did the Nazi's use propaganda?
1)posters ,flags etc - symbolised control 2) Became illegal to joke or complain about the Nazi's 3) Parades and rallies used- NUREMBERG RALLIES- 500000 attended.
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Why did Nazi's want to control women?
To ensure that they produced the racially pure Aryan children that Hitler wanted for the future.
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How could the role of Women be summed up ?
3 K'S ( Kinder, Kirche and Kuche) Children, church and Kitchen.
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What Strategies did they use?
1) Women forced from their jobs 2) Encouraged Marrage - 1000 mark loan 3) Mothers Cross Medal- women with large families 4) Better benifits + lower tax 5) Abortion and contraception hard to get 6)Scheme for Aryan pure ** soldiers to impregnate women.
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Where the Nazi policies a success?
MIXED RESULTS: 1) Birth rate increased by 1939 but lower than in the 20's 2) Women stayed in some jobs due to shortages 3) Marriages increased but leveled of by 1935 4) Women in jobs increased by late 1930's + Woman worked in factories during WW2
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Why did the Nazis want to control Young People?
Their Minds could be easily shaped and they would become the leaders, soldiers and mothers of the future
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How did he do this? (Inside and Outside school )
1) Changed what was taught to reflect Nazi beliefs 2) Prepared Boys for Military life + Girls for motherhood 3) Specialist schools set up to train and teach future leaders- Adolf Hitler Schools
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What Youth Groups were set up?
The Hitler Youth - The League of German Girls - Membership would soon become law
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What was the opposing Youth Group called?
Edelweiss Pirates
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What did the Nazi believe about the Jews?
That they were an inferior race and were responsible for many of German problems
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What did Hitler do once he reached power?
He put Anti- semitism into operation
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How did the Nazis persecute Jews in 1933?
1) Boycott Jewish shops 2) Jews banned from government jobs 3) Jews banned from Media jobs 4) Lost property rights
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How did the Nazis persecute Jews in 1935?
THE NUREMBERG LAWS
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What were these laws?
1) Jews deprived of many rights 2) illegal for Jews and Aryans to marry 3) Isolated Jews - second class citizens 4) Banned from joining Army 5) Could not be a German Citizen
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How did the Nazis persecute Jews in 1937?
Jewish Businesses confiscated
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How did the Nazis persecute Jews in 1938?
Had to carry identity cards- passports had 'J' stamped on them
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What else did they get?
New names- Israel for men and Sarah for women
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What was Kristallnacht?
The Night of Broken Glass
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What happend?
Nazi's destroyed 7500 Jewish shops, 400 synagogues and 20000 people were sent to camps
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What happend in 1939?
Jews were encouraged to emigrate from Germany.
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What did Hitler want?
'Pure' Germany. No racial mixing.
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What did they blame the Jews for?
Everything. especially WW1 defeat.
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How did the Nazis deal with their enemies?
CONCENTRATION CAMPS- ' PROTECTIVE CUSTODY' Dachau was first in 1933
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What were the camps like?
overcrowded, harshly treated and deaths were common.
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What Type of people were sent to concentration camps?
1)Criminals 2)Workshy 3) Gypsies 4) Gays 5) Anti-socials 6)Jews 7) Communists 8) Political opponents
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What role did the security services play in Nazi Germany?
1)The ** were the GESTAPO and the SD. 2) ** (Black shirts) became very powerful. 3) Gestapo were part of the secret police 4) SD were intelligence- monitored security in the Reich 5) Because of fear and terror, People told on eachother
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What about Religion?
Nazis tried to bring the churches in Germany under their control.
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What about the Catholic Church?
JULY 1933- 'Concordat' signed between them.
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What did it mean?
1)The Church stayed out of Politics 2) Church was aloud to run schools
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Was the Protestant Church divided over Nazi Support?
YES - Some liked Nazism , some didn't
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What where those in favour known as?
German Christians
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What did the people opposed do?
created the Nazi Regime Confessional Church.
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What about these leaders?
Some were sent to Concentration Camps.
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What about the Nazi attempt to create their own church?
German Faith Movement was based on pagan beliefs but was unpopular.
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What changes did Hitler make to the Trade Unions?
1) Banned Trade unions and strikes 2) German Labour Front (DAF) replaced them- 1935 3) Aimed to win workers over to the Nazis.
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Results?
DAF sided more with employers 1) Freedom restricted 2) Working Hours increased
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However?
1) Wages improved 2) workers didn't complain
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What about Workers free time?
1) Happy Workers= More production 2) Strength Through Joy- KDF created
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What did the KDF do?
1) cheap holidays 2) organised sport 3) scheme to own a car 4) theatre trips 5) Hikes 6) Leisure activities
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Did anyone ever get a car?
No.
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How did Hitler deal with unemployment?
Reducing Employment was important to Hitler. 6m in 1933
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Ideas?
1) Public Work Schemes - National Labour Service (RAD) FORMED.
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What did they do?
1) Built Schools 2) Hospitals 3) motorways. 4) wore uniform 5) lived in camps 6) pocket money 7)compulsory in 1935 for 19-25 year olds
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Jews and Women?
Uncounted
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What happend in 1935 to lower employment?
Conscription.
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And the War?
Created new jobs in munitions factories and war industries.
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Was Hitler Successful?
Only 300000 unemployed by 1939. The figures hid details.
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What were the key aims in economic planning?
1) Reduce unemployment 2) Rearm Germany 3) Make Germany Self-Sufficient- AUTARKY
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Who made the new plan in 1934?
Dr Schacht
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What was it designed to do ?
Boost the economy and create jobs
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How?
1) Reduce imports 2) Reduce welfare spending 3) Trade agreements to supply Germany 4) Government spending concentrated on key industries
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What where the results?
The German economy recovered but in 1939 Hitler pressured him to spend more on military and he resigned.
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What was created in 1936?
The FOUR - YEAR - PLAN
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What was it to do?
Get Germany ready for war
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Who was appointed to do this?
GORING
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What was the Aim?
To make Germany Self-sufficient - AUTARKY
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How?
1) New Factories 2) Imports Reduced 3) Higher production tax 4) Substitutes for raw materials made
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By 1939, what was Germany still doing?
Importing 30 % of raw materials
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What does that mean?
Germany has to seize power in these areas to take their resources.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How did he achieve this?

Back

Fresh elections; Reichstag Fire; Law for the Protection of People and state; Enabling Act ; Banned trade unions+ political parties

Card 3

Front

Why did he call for fresh elections?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the Reichstag?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

When was the Fire?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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