DNA that have been complexed to conserved basic Histone proteins.
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What is the structure of histone proteins?
have a core octamer, there are 2 copies of each type-H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.These form a tetramer that forms the core.
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How is the solenoid fiber packed?
Solenoid fiber attaches to chromosome scaffold via the scaffold attachment regions forming the solenoid loops, which then arranges into a giant supercoil.
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What are the sub-nucelear compartments?
Spreckle, Cajal body, nucleolus, Loops containing genes move out of their chromosome territory for expression.
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What happens in the nucleolus?
is the site of processing of rRNA and the assembly into the ribosomal subunits.
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What is the nucleosome made of?
aggregate of rRNA genes, precursor rRNA, mature rRNA, rRNA processing enzymes, snRNP, ribosomal proteins and partially assembled ribosomes.
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What is the Cajal body?
Site where the snRNP are recycled and their RNA will be reset after the rearrangements that occur during splicing
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What does condensin do?
Helps configure duplicated chromosomes for separation.
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What does chromatin structure play a part in?
the development, growth and maintenance of eukaryotic organisms.
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What are the two types of chromatin?
heterochromatin and euchromatin
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Describe heterochromatin
very condensed and is found highly concentrated in the centromeres and telomeres. It contains very few genes and packaging the gene with heterochromatin will turn the gene off.
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When do chromatin loops decondense?
when the genes within them are expressed, explains chromosome puffs which arise from the decondensation of a single chromosome band
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How many nucleotide pairs of DNA will a typical loop hold?
50-20,000
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What are polytene chromosomes?
all the homologous chromosome copies are held side by side.
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What does compaction of the chromosomes do?
protects the fragile DNA molecules from being broken as they are pulled to separate daughter cells. This compaction is aided by condensins.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are nucleosomes?
Back
DNA that have been complexed to conserved basic Histone proteins.
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