F215 Control, Genomes & Environment

Every definition you are required to know the the F215 exam according to OCR specification.

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  • Created by: Becky0295
  • Created on: 21-03-13 19:55
Respiratory Substrate
An organic substance that can be used for respiration.
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Genetic code
The code is DNA; instructions for assembling polypeptides; the sequence of base triplets determines the sequence of amino acids/primary structure, in the polypeptides.
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Allele
An alternative version of a gene.
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Locus
Specific position on a chromosome, occupied by a specific gene.
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Phenotype
Observable characteristics of an organism.
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Genotype
Alleles present within cells of an individual, for a particular trait/characteristic.
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Dominant
Characteristic in which the allele responsible is expressed in the phenotype even in those with heterozygous genotypes.
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Codominant
A characteristic where both alleles contribute to the phenotype.
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Recessive
Characteristic in which the allele responsible is only expressed in the phenotype if there is no dominant allele present.
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Linkage
Genes for different characteristics that are present at different loci on the same chromosome are linked.
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Crossing over
Where non-sister chromatids exchange alleles during prophase 1 of meiosis.
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Natural selection
Mechanism for evolution. Organisms that are well adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on the alleles for the favourable characteristics.
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Artificial selection
A desired characteristic is selected by humans. They are bred together and the offspring with the desired characteristic are then selected. This is continued over many generations.
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Recombinant DNA
A section of DNA, often in the form of a plasmid, which is formed by joining DNA sections from two different sources.
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Gene therapy
Any therapeutic technique where the functioning allele of a particular gene is placed in the cells of an individual lacking functioning alleles of that particular gene. Can be used to treat some recessive conditions but not dominant conditions.
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Somatic cell gene therapy
Involves placing of the gene in adult differentiated cells.
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Germ line cell gene therapy
Involves placing the gene into embryonic cells.
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Ecosystem
All the living organisms and all the non-living components in a specific habitat and their interactions.
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Biotic factor
Effects of living components on an eco-system eg. food supply, predation, disease.
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Abiotic factor
Effects of non-living components on an eco-system eg. pH, temperature, soil type.
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Consumer
Living organisms that feed on other living organisms.
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Decomposer
Organisms that feed on dead organic matter, releasing molecules, minerals and energy that then become available to other living organisms in that ecosystem.
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Trophic level
The level at which an organism feeds in a food chain.
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Carrying capacity
The maximum population size that can be maintained over a period of time in a particular habitat.
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Interspecific competition
Competition between individuals of different species.
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Intraspecific competition
Competition between individuals of the same species.
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Conservation
Maintenance of biodiversity, including diversity between species, genetic diversity within species and maintenance of a variety of habitats and ecosystems.
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Preservation
Involves protecting areas of land, as yet unused by humans in their "untouched" form
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Tropism
A directional growth response in which the direction of the response is determined by the direction of the external stimulus.
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Learned behaviour
Animal responses that change or adapt with experience.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The code is DNA; instructions for assembling polypeptides; the sequence of base triplets determines the sequence of amino acids/primary structure, in the polypeptides.

Back

Genetic code

Card 3

Front

An alternative version of a gene.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Specific position on a chromosome, occupied by a specific gene.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Observable characteristics of an organism.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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