Chemistry Unit 2

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  • Created by: Amy_MaeB
  • Created on: 19-05-13 15:18
What does nano mean?
Very little
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What's special about noble gases?
They have a full outer shell so they are unreactive
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What is a monomer?
A molecule that links with other identical molecules to form a polymer
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What is a polymer?
A chain of monomers
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What does concentration do to a reaction?
It increases the frequency of collisions as there are more atoms
5 of 67
What does a catalyst do?
Provides a surface for the reaction without getting involved
6 of 67
What happens when impurities get in the catalyst?
It stops working
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What are fullerenes used in?
Nanoscience e.g. medicine
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What does Ar mean?
Relative atomic mass
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What substances have weak intermolecular forces?
Simple molecules
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What is activation energy?
The energy required for an atom to make a collision
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Formula for moles...
Moles= mass of element/ total mass
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Why can metals be bent?
They have layers of atoms that slide over each other, allowing them to change shape
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What is a covalent bond?
It is a bond between 2 non metals
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What does mass spectometry do?
Identifies unknown substances
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What does the number of peaks of a gas chromotograph mean?
The number of compounds in the sample
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Why don't thermosetting polymers melt?
They have strong intermolecular forces and the bonds are crossed over
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What does endothermic mean?
The reaction absorbs heat
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What do you call a reaction that releases heat?
Exothermic
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How would you stop the solvent in chromotography evaporating?
Put a lid on it
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Name 2 advantages of gas-liquid chromotography
Quicker, more accurate, requires less of the substance than other tests
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What ions do alkalis form in water?
OH-
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What 3 products are made in the electrolysing of Brine?
Sodium hydroxide, chlorine gas and hydrogen
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How does temperature affect the rate of reaction?
Makes collisions more frequent and violent
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What 3 things makes a reaction faster?
Temperature, catalysts and pressure/ concentration
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The equation for rate of reaction is...?
Rate of reaction= amount of reactant used (or product formed)/ time
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Why does graphite conduct electricity?
Every 4th electron in the bonding isn't used so it becomes delocalised and therefore can carry charge
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What does gas- liquid chromotography do?
Separates compounds
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What is an ion?
A charged atom
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What is a cathode?
It is the negative electrode
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Properties of a diamond
Very hard, doesn't conduct electricity and used in drills or for cutting things
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Name 4 properties of metals
Tough, ductile (made into wires), conductors of heat, conductors of electricity, high melting point and strong
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What is a base?
Metal oxide
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Acid + alkali -->
Salt + Water
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Acid + base -->
Salt + water
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Precipitates are..?
Insoluble
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What electrodes do anions go to?
Positive (anode) as they are negative ions
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What's the molten substance that has been electrolysed called?
The electrolyte
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What always forms at the cathode?
Metals and hydrogen
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What's the positive electrode called?
Anode
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What is a metal hydroxide?
An alkali
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Why is ammonium nitrate so important?
It is a fertiliser
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What's the sign for relative formula mass?
Mr
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In what form can ionic substances be electrolysed?
Molten or solution
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What forms H+ ions when in water?
Acids
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Hydrochloric acids go to -->
Chlorides
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Sulfuric acid goes to -->
Sulfates
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Nitric acids goes to -->
Nitrates
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What happens when H+ and OH- ions mix?
H20 form (neutralisation)
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What is a metallic bond?
Metal atoms loses electrons in bonding so they become positive. The negative electrons are delocalised and are electrostatically atttracted to the positive ions so a bond forms
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What happens when substances melt or dissolve in water?
The ions become free
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What bonding is between a metal and non-metal?
Ionic bonding
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What is chlorine (from the electrolysis of Brine) used for?
Bleach, killing bacteria and in PVC (a plastic polymer)
53 of 67
What's sodium hydroxide (from the electrolysis of Brine) used for?
Paper and soap
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What's hydrogen (from the electrolysis of Brine) used for?
Hydrogenation
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Why might hte results in electrolysis be different to what was predicted?
Water also forms ions which could alter the product
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Why do we electroplate objects?
Saves money, increases hardness of the surface, makes hte item more attractive and stops the metal beneath from corroding
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Why do catalysts save money?
They reduce the amount of energy needed for a reaction
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What's a danger of catalysts?
They can damage the environment when released
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Are cations positive or negative?
Positive (metal and hydrogen)
60 of 67
Which electrode do non-metals form on?
Anode
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What happens when ions reach the electrode?
They lose their charge and become elements
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Acid + carbonate -->
Salt + water + carbon dioxide
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Acid + metal -->
Salt + hydrogen
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What solvents are used in chromotography?
Water, ethanol or acetone
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What measures how alkaline or acidic a solution is?
The pH scale
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What does electrolysis do?
Breaks down substances made of ions into elements
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What's special about noble gases?

Back

They have a full outer shell so they are unreactive

Card 3

Front

What is a monomer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a polymer?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What does concentration do to a reaction?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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wr.1400

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This was amazing ! Great for the last bits of revision 

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