Chemistry C2.1

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What charge is the nucleus?
Positive as protons are positively charged.
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What are shells of an atom also known as?
Energy levels.
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What do the number of protons in an atom equal?
The number of electrons.
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Where are the lowest energy levels in a atom?
The first electron shell.
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What makes every element different?
They all have a different amount of protons.
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What does the atomic number show?
How many protons are in an atom.
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What does the mass number show?
The amount of protons and neutrons in that element.
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Define isotopes
Different atomic forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
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What is a popular isotope?
Carbon-12 and Carbon-14
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What is the relative abundance?
How much of each isotope there is compared to the total amount of the element in the world
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How do you work out the Ar of two isotopes.
Multiply the mass of each isotope by its relative abundance, add those together and divide by the sum of the relative abundance.
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In the 1800's how did they first organise the periodic table?
They put it in order of the elements atomic mass
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What did they notice about elements when they were put in order of their atomic mass?
They noticed periodic patterns in the properties of the elements.
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In 1869 what happened to the periodic table?
Mandeleev arranged 50ish elements according to their properties.
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What did Mandeleev's periodic table have?
Gaps
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What did the gaps of tthe 1869 periodic table do?
Predicted the undiscovered elements and discovered the colourless gases group as no one knew about them in those days.
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What are periods?
The rows
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Explain the properties of periods?
The atomic number increases along each row, the period number is the same as the number of electron shells, properties change as you go along them.
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What are groups?
The columns
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Explain the properties of groups?
Elements have similar properties due to the same amount of electrons in their outer shell, the group number is equal to the amount of electrons in the outer shell, the properties change gradually as you go down a group.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are shells of an atom also known as?

Back

Energy levels.

Card 3

Front

What do the number of protons in an atom equal?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where are the lowest energy levels in a atom?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What makes every element different?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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